Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure.

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.

Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning.

New species of the genus Philotella Najt amp; Weiner, 1985 (Collembola, Neanuridae, Pseudachorutinae) from the Russian Far East.

Eight new species of the genus Philotella, i.e. P. pax sp. nov., P. oligotricha sp. nov., P. cedrina sp. nov., P. aliniensis sp. nov., P. amurica sp. nov., P. alba sp. nov., P. pallida sp. nov., and P. caeca sp. nov., are described based on extensive ecological samplings conducted by specialists of the Department of Zoology and Ecology, Moscow State Pedagogical University, in various parts of the Russian Far East. Three previously known species were transferred from the genus Micranurida to Philotella to become P. grana (Lee Kim, 1984) comb. nov., P. porcella (Fjellberg, 1985) comb. nov. and P. japonica (Tamura, 1998) comb. nov. The main diagnostic features of the genus and its differences from the most similar genera of the subfamily Pseudachorutinae are discussed, and a regional key for identifying the Eastern Palearctic species of the genus is given.

Three new Oligaphorura species (Collembola: Onychiuridae) of the marcuzzii-group from the Caucasus.

Three new species of the genus Oligaphorura, namely O. montivaga sp. nov., O. tatianae sp. nov., and O. igori sp. nov., are described based on materials from different parts of the Caucasus. All of them belong to the marcuzzii-group of the genus because of the presence of 4+4 pso at the antennal base and the absence of anal spines. They seem to be especially similar to O. kremenitsai Shvejonkova Potapov and O. humicola Shvejonkova Potapov, two congeners with the same uncommon type of the labium (ABD), but are distinguished by the number of dorsal pseudocelli (42/144/33354 in O. kremenitsai, 42/133/33354 in O. humicola, 43/144/44354 in O. montivaga sp. nov., 43/133/44(5)364 in O. tatianae sp. nov. and 43/133/44354 in O. igori sp. nov.). Apart from this, all new species have the schoetti-type furcal area and more distal setae on the tibiotarsi (11 in O. montivaga sp. nov. and O. tatianae sp. nov. and 9 in O. igori sp. nov.) whereas both O. kremenitsai and O. humicola show the humicola-type furcal area and only 6 distal setae on the tibiotarsi. A table with the main diagnostic features of Oligaphorura species of the marcuzzii-group is also given.

The genus Micranurida Börner, 1901 sensu Deharveng 1982 (Collembola, Neanuridae, Pseudachorutinae) in the fauna of the Russian Far East.

A review of the genus Micranurida from the East Palaearctic fauna is performed, with two new species described from the Russian Far East: Micranurida sectilis sp. nov. and Micranurida distincta sp. nov.

Two new «nosed¼ species of the genus Megalothorax (Collembola: Neelidae) from Russia.

Two new species with forehead processes are described from the east of the European part and Western Siberia. Megalothorax processus sp. nov. has a long cuticular process extended at the tip. The cuticular process in M. roseus sp. nov. is formed by a group of four papillae. Two other species, M. potapovi Schneider, Porco & Deharveng, 2016 and M. sanctistephani Christian, 1998, with a "nose" in the frontal part of the head are known from the Far East of Russia and West Europe, respectively. The «noses¼ probably arise independently in the four species; their function is unclear. Apart from the form of the forehead processes M. processus sp. nov. differs from M. roseus sp. nov. by the shape of sensilla within sensory fields (flame-shaped vs. globular) and the absence of chaeta а0 (vs. present in M. roseus sp. nov.). Chaetotaxy of the frontal part of the head and abdomen is reduced in both species.

A new Anurida species of the hammerae-group from the Russian Far East (Collembola, Neanuridae).

A new species of the genus Anurida is described and illustrated based on material from the Khabarovsk Territory, Russia: A. hirsuta sp. nov. This new species belongs to the amphi-Pacific hammerae-group and it seems to be particularly similar to the Beringian A. hammerae Christiansen, 1952 and the Japanese A. trioculata Kinoshita, 1916. Anurida hirsuta sp. nov. can easily be distinguished from both latter species primarily by its peculiar dorsal chaetotaxy, apparently the most complete among all congeners. A key is presented to all eight species presently known to compose the group.

Corrigenda: Three new and one little-known species of Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Russia's northeast. ZooKeys 1005: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.54882.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1005.54882.].

Two new species of the genus Psyllaphorura/ (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from the east of European Russia.

Two new species of the genus Psyllaphorura Bagnall, 1948, namely P. silvestris sp. nov. and P. pseudopodis sp. nov., are described from the European Russia. The former species can be compared to the Nearctic P. obesa (Mills, 1934) which has almost the same number of dorsal pseudocelli, but differs in having compound vesicles in PAO. Psyllaphorura pseudopodis sp. nov. is similar to P. altaica Weiner, Stebaeva Kaprus', 2019 recently described from the Altai Mountains, southern Siberia. Both these species have the same number and arrangement of the cephalic pseudocelli. Nonetheless, P. pseudopodis sp. nov. can be distinguished by the absence of pseudocelli on Abd. IV, only 2+2 dental setae and a shorter unguiculus. Besides this, P. pseudopodis sp. nov. is unique in the presence of a pair of ventral swellings on the fourth abdominal segment. Based on a revision of the types, P. sensillifera (Martynova, 1981) is considered a senior synonym of P. raoheensis Sun Wu, 2013. Taxonomic notes on the most important diagnostic characters of the genus are given, as well as a key and a table summarizing these characters in all Psyllaphorura species known in the World so far.

A review of Pseudachorutes Tullberg, 1871 (Collembola, Neanuridae) from the East Asia, with description of six new species.

A review of the Pseudachorutes fauna of the East Asia was performed, mainly based on fresh material from forest ecosystems of the Russian Far East and some adjoining regions. Six new species of the genus, namely P. aleksandrae sp. nov., P. armatus sp. nov., P. minimus sp. nov., P. variabilis sp. nov., P. concinnus sp. nov. and P. morulifer sp. nov., are described and extensive remarks on further six congeners, i.e. P. andrei Weiner Najt, P. hitakamiensis Tamura, P. isawaensis Tamura, P. kangchenjungae Yosii, P. longisetis Yosii and P. polychaetosus Gao Palacios-Vargas, previously known from the studied region, are given. Pseudachorutes conicus Lee Kim and P. sibiricus Rusek, are considered as probable junior synonyms of P. longisetis and P. andrei, respectively. Pseudachorutes boerneri SchÓ§tt is recorded for the first time in the eastern Palaearctic and redescribed based on materials from Yakutia, Khabarovsk Territory and Southern Primor'e. A regional key to the mentioned species and a summarizing table of diagnostic characters of all regional congeners are also provided.

Three new and one little-known species of Hypogastruridae (Collembola) from Russia's northeast.

Three new species, Hypogastrura variata sp. nov., Xenylla aculeata sp. nov., and X. arnei sp. nov., are described based on material from coastal communities of the Sea of Okhotsk, northeast Russia. Taxonomic remarks concerning a little-known species, H. yosii Stach, 1964, found in coastal wrack sediments on Kunashir Island, Kuriles are also given. COI sequences of the above species are analysed, thus allowing for their species statuses to be confirmed.

A new species of Schaefferia Absolon (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) from Chukotka, Russia, with remarks on the related forms.

A new species of the genus Schaefferia, S. bermani sp. nov., is described from the eastern coast of Chukchi Peninsula (Russia). It is most similar to S. czernovi (Martynova) which is widespread in the northern parts of more western regions of the Palaearctic. Both species are characterised by the presence of 5+5 ocelli and a similarly shortened furca, but differ in morphology of the labial palp and chaetotaxy of Abd.4. Remarks on several related forms, including Japanese S. quinqueoculata (Yosii), are given.

An updated checklist of Canadian and Alaskan Collembola.

The available literature data on the species diversity and geographical distribution of Collembola in Canada and Alaska is summarized. In total, the checklist covers 541 named species of Collembola. This includes 475 species in 135 genera from 24 families recorded from Canada, as well as 241 species in 75 genera from 19 families reported from Alaska. For each species the current name, basionym with a full reference, records for different provinces and territories with their authorships, and general distributional ranges are given. Taxonomic remarks have been added when necessary. The checklist is based on 536 references (including 262 with Canadian records) published up to May 2018 and on a number of publicly available online resources.

Two new littoral species of the genus Anurida Laboulbène, 1865 (Collembola, Neanuridae) from the Pacific coast of Asia.

Two new littoral species of the genus Anurida, viz. A. kyshyensis sp. nov. and A. abashiriensis sp. nov., have been described from the eastern coasts of Chukchi Peninsula (Russia) and Hokkaido Island (Japan), respectively. The former species is most similar to sympatric A. similis Fjellberg, 1985 and A. martynovae Fjellberg, 1985 differing from both of them due to the permanent presence of additional lateral setae on thorax and 3+3 axial setae on Abd.4. A. abashiriensis sp. nov., having unique mandibles and hypertrophic elongate maxillae with long lamellae, is hard to compare with any known species of Anurida and allied genera.

Taxonomy of a predaceous springtail: the revision of the Palaearctic species of Metisotoma Maynard, 1951.

Metisotoma grandiceps (Reuter, 1891), the only veritable predator among springtails, is redescribed from materials collected near the type locality (Taimyr) and from Siberia and Far East. Its distribution in Holarctic is stated and the taxonomic position is discussed. A syntype of M. macnamarai (Folsom, 1918) (Canada) and the holotype of M. ursi (Yosii, 1972) (Japan) were redescribed as far as was possible. Two new species, M. stebaevae sp. nov. and M. bermani sp. nov., from the Altai Mountains and Magadan Region are described. Labial palp, number of s-setae, macrochaetotaxy, and ventral chaetotaxy of body are considered to be of diagnostic value separating the species. Some observations of predator behavior in laboratory conditions are presented.

Isotomidae of Japan and the Asiatic part of Russia. I. Folsomia 'inoculata' group.

The paper considers blind species of the genus Folsomia having two pairs of macrosetae on both meso- and metathorax and united in so-called 'inoculata' group, which is given a new, more laconic definition. Morphological characters important in the group's taxonomy are discussed and a further division into four subgroups is proposed. Eight new species, i.e., F. amurica Potapov & Kuznetsova, sp. n., F. breviseta Potapov & Kuznetsova, sp. n., F. calcarea Potapov, sp. n., F. imparis Potapov & Hasegawa, sp. n., F. laconica Potapov & Kuznetsova, sp. n., F. tertia Potapov, sp. n., F. trisensilla Potapov, sp. n., and F. tubulata Potapov & Babenko, sp. n., are described. F. hidakana Uchida & Tamura and F. inoculata Stach are redescribed basing on new material, for the latter species the Stach's individuals were also examined. A key to species of the group is given.

Catalogue of type materials of springtails (Hexapoda, Collembola) in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids & Nematodes.

The catalogue assembles and updates all data concerning the type material of Collembola kept in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids & Nematodes in Ottawa (CNC). Information is provided for type material of 69 species. Included are holotypes of 31 species (together with 5 ones from Cretaceous amber), syntypes of 26 species (four of them are presently considered to be junior synonyms) and paratypes of 32 species (one of which is considered a junior synonym). Essential label data, references to original descriptions, and modern status including synonyms are given.

Austrodontella monticola sp. nov., a new species of Collembola from montane New Zealand.

Collembola were collected from soil in the alpine belt (1600-1900 m a.s.l.) of the Southern Alps of New Zealand. A list of species found is provided. Austrodontella monticola sp. nov., the third species of a Odontellidae genus with a southern distribution is described. The other two species in the genus occur in southern Australia and in the Indian Ocean sector of the Subantarctic respectively. Notes on A. trispina (Womersley, 1935), the type species of the genus, are provided.

Subdivision of the tribe Oligaphorurini in the light of new and lesser known species from North-East Russia (Collembola, Onychiuridae, Onychiurinae).

The paper is devoted to a taxonomic review of Oligaphorurini from the north-eastern part of Palaearctic. Two new species, i.e. Oligaphoruraambigua sp. n. and Oligaphoruraduocellata sp. n., are described. Four species, Oligaphoruranataliae (Fjellberg, 1987), Oligaphorurainterrupta (Fjellberg, 1987), Oligaphorurapingicola (Fjellberg, 1987), and Micraphoruraalnus (Fjellberg, 1987), are redescribed on base of the types and new material, and remarks on other species known for the region, Oligaphoruragroenlandica (Tullberg, 1876), Oligaphoruraursi (Fjellberg, 1984), Oligaphoruraaborigensis (Fjellberg, 1987), and Micraphoruraabsoloni (Börner, 1901), are given to clarify their generic affiliation. Finally, merits and disadvantages of the current subdivision of the tribe are discussed and a key to the northern species of the tribe is provided.

New species of the genus Jacekaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from upper reaches of Kolyma river (North-East of Russia).

Two new species of the genus Jacekaphorura from the North-East of Russia, viz. J. catherinae sp. nov. and J. furcata sp. nov., were described and illustrated. The former species clearly differs from the only previously known species of the genus by a high and variable number of dorsal pso, the latter can easily be distinguished due to specific structure of furcal remnant. The generic diagnosis and position within modern tribal subdivision of the Onychiurinae are discussed.