COVID-19 and flu vaccination in Romania, post pandemic lessons in healthcare workers and general population.

BACKGROUND: Influenza and corona viruses generate vaccine preventable diseases and have pandemic potential, frequently dramatic. A co-infection with these viruses, may be a new worldwide threat, researchers name it flurona. The aim of our study is to assess flu and COVID-19 Romanian vaccination for 2022-2023 season and the factor associated with higher odds to receive flu and COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional observational survey was conducted in the general population; a self-administered questionnaire was used. RESULTS: 1056 responders were analyzed, mean age 32.08 ±13.36 years (limits:18-76), majority, 880 (83.33%), from urban areas, 608 (57.58%), high school graduated, 400 (37.88%) parents. More than half of the responders were healthcare workers, 582 (55.11%), also considered study population. In the study group, 796 (73.37%) responders consider flurona vaccination useful; and 872 (82.57%) responders consider that no sanctions are needed for not flurona vaccinating. In the 2022-2023 season, 162 (15.34%) responders vaccinated against the flu and 300 (28.41%) against COVID-19. The factor associated with higher odds to receive flu and COVID-19 vaccine was the habit of flu vaccination: for flu (OR = 58.43; 95% CI: (34.95-97.67)) and for COVID-19 (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: (1.21-2.31)). Other factors such as having university degree (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: (1.08-1.98)) and being a healthcare worker, (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: (1.07-1.87)) were influencing factors only for adult COVID-19 vaccination in the 2022-2023 season. In the parents' group, in 2022-2023 season, only 48 (12%) vaccinated their children against the flu and 68 (17%) against COVID-19, mostly parents that vaccinated themselves, p<0.001. In the 2022-2023 season, there were only 82 (7.65%) responders vaccinated against both diseases. Logistic regression analysis showed that no factor analyzed influenced the flurona vaccinated parent's decision to vaccinate their children for flu and for COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: In the season 2022-2023, in Romania, the vaccination against flu and COVOD-19 is low, in adults and children as well. More efforts must be done to increase flurona vaccination, public health educational programs are strongly needed. Children, that are at greater risk when co-infecting with these viruses, must be vaccinated, school vaccination programs should be considered.

Ageing People Living with HIV/AIDS, PLWHA; More Dental Challenges; the Romanian Dental Professional's Point of View.

BACKGROUND: In Romania, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) were first acknowledged in 1989. Getting older with HIV/AIDS is now possible due to antiretroviral treatment, but it can bring dental problems due to HIV itself or to the reluctance of dental professionals to treat dental problems. Our study aims to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of Romanian dental professionals regarding aging PLWHA. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional observational survey based on a self-administered questionnaire was conducted for Romanian dental professionals from October 2022 to January 2023. RESULTS: The responders' group profile was as follows: a mean age of 39.09 ± 0.36 years (limit: 19-75), a majority of 991 (90.01%) from urban dental offices, and 364 (33.06%) with more than twenty years' experience. A total of 517 (46.95%) responders had an unprofessional attitude and declared that, if possible, they would avoid taking part in performing dental treatments for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There were 89 (8.08%) dental professionals that refused to work with PLWHA. Only 363 (32.97%) had worked with one previously. The dental professionals in rural areas refused PLWHA more frequently: 20% (N = 22) of rural dental professionals vs. 6.76% (N = 67) of urban dental professionals refused to work with PLWHA (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.16-.56). The logistic regression applied for the 1101 responders revealed after stepwise selection that the most influential factor for their refusal to work with PLWHA in our study group was being previously exposed to HIV during dental practice (OR = 14.45; 95% CI: 8.55- 24.42; p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Dental educators and health care planners should promote the knowledge of prophylaxis and positive attitudes towards the treatment of PLWHA. Successful resolution of these concerns is time consuming and expensive but necessary if dentists are to satisfy their professional obligations to HIV/AIDS patients.

Surgical extrusion to provide a ferrule for restoring a tooth with a compromised prognosis: A clinical report.

A surgical extrusion technique was used to provide a ferrule for a tooth with significant tooth structure loss and an oblique coronal fracture. The maxillary lateral incisor was surgically repositioned coronally to provide sufficient dentinal wall for a good prognosis of the restorative treatment. The procedure is conservative and relatively straightforward and can be performed rapidly with minimal patient discomfort.

Prosthodontic management of an extreme atrophy of the mandible correlated with a prominent genial tubercle - a clinical report.

Extreme atrophy of the mandibular alveolar crest can pose a great prosthodontic challenge, especially when the genial tubercles remain as a bony projection in the floor of the mouth. This article is a clinical report on the prosthodontic management of a severe mandible atrophy correlated with a prominent genial tubercle. A complete denture was carefully designed and fabricated in order to restore both the function and esthetics of the patient.

Cone beam computed tomography observations of the lingual foramina and their bony canals in the median region of the mandible.

PURPOSE: To investigate by means of CBCT the presence of lingual foramina and their bony canals in the midline of the mandible and to describe their anatomical characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CBCT examinations of 36 patients were carefully examined in the median region of the mandible in order to detect the lingual foramina and their corresponding vascular canals. Their presence, number, position, diameter and trajectory were established. RESULTS: Lingual foramina in the midline of the mandible were observed in all 36 subjects. The number of canals varied from one to four, with the following distribution: one canal in 71.9% of the cases, two canals in 9.4%, three in 15.6%, and four canals in 3.1% of the cases. The average diameter of the canals was 0.84 mm. The average distance from the foramina to the base of the mandible was of 11.2 mm. 19.4% of the vascular canals penetrated only the lingual third of the width, 52.8% reached the middle third of the mandible and 27.8% of the canals spread to the buccal third. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT is a useful tool in planning an implant treatment. It can reveal multiple anatomic features of the mandible, including the presence and the morphology of the lingual foramina and their vascular canals in the median region of the mandible. Clinicians should acknowledge the presence of these anatomical structures and should be aware of their possible implications.

Correct complete denture rehabilitation, a chance for recovering abused tissues.

The prosthodontic treatment must provide for the edentulous patients bio-functional prosthetic restorations, bio-prophylactic for the surrounding tissues. In this aim, an edentulous patient must be submitted to a methodical clinical examination in order to establish the quality of hard and soft tissues, which will indicate the degree of difficulty of the prosthetic treatment. Additional investigation as a microbiologic examination and cephalometric radiographs can be useful in a modern investigation. In our daily practice, we are rarely confronted with a normal morphology of the denture bearing oral structures. The problem of managing abused tissues in a patient with morphologic abnormalities due to faulty prostheses is sometimes difficult to solve. Preventing the deterioration of oral status must be a condition in providing a chance for the success of the following rehabilitations, mainly in the situation when the complete edentulousness succeeds in a young or middle age patient.