ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to estimate the risk of thyroid cancer incidence in the population of Ukraine in connection with its exposure to radioactive iodine fallout of Chornobyl origin and the use of pesticides in agricultural production in the country. OBJECT OF STUDY: Incidence rates of thyroid cancer in the population of Ukraine in 2001-2019, average regional radiation doses absorbed by the thyroid because of the Chornobyl accident, the volume of use of various groups of pesticides in the regions of Ukraine. RESEARCH METHODS: statistical, mathematical and cartographic. RESULTS: The study covering the period of 2001-2019, revealed significant temporal and regional differences in the thyroid cancer incidence in the population of the Ukraine regions in 2001-2019. The existence of a significant correlation between the thyroid cancer incidence and the amount of radiation exposure to the thyroid associated with the Chornobyl accident was established. The existence of a significant correlation between the thyroid cancer incidence and the degree of pesticide use intensity in agriculture in the Ukraine regions was established. A significant value of multiple correlation r = 0.5866 (p < 0.05) was found between the thyroid cancer incidence in Ukraine andthe average regional radiation doses and the pesticide use intensity in agricultural production in the country. CONCLUSIONS: A reliable value of the multiple correlation between the value of the average regional radiation exposure doses to the thyroid associated with the Chornobyl accident and the degree of pesticide use intensity in the national economy of Ukraine and the thyroid cancer incidence in the population was determined.
Subject(s)
Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Endocrine Disruptors , Pesticides , Thyroid Neoplasms , Humans , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology , Radiation Dosage , Incidence , Endocrine Disruptors/adverse effects , Ukraine/epidemiology , Iodine Radioisotopes/analysis , Radiation, IonizingABSTRACT
Studies of the longterm oncological consequences after the Chornobyl accident show a significant impact of radiation exposure on the cancer incidence rate in affected population in Ukraine. This is supported by the increased radiation risk of leukaemia in liquidators, which exceeds national population rates, and its value is comparable to the data on hibakushi, who were subjected to Abombings. For the first time in the cleanup workers cohort the radiation dependence of chronic lymphoid leukaemia was established. There are radiation associated risks of leukemia in children who have been exposed to radiation from the Chornobyl accident. There has been registered an increase of thyroid cancer incidence in children and adults (liquidators, evacuees from the 30km exclusion zone and residents of the most contaminated territories). There is an excess of breast cancer in female liquidators. The frequency of all forms of malignant neoplasms decreases over time but still exceeds national rates. Further monitoring of malignant neoplasms in the groups of affected population will allow evaluating the radiation risks of cancer forms whose radiationassociated manifestation is already known from previous studies or can be expected in the future.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Radiation Exposure , Thyroid Neoplasms , Adult , Child , Humans , Female , Radiation Exposure/adverse effects , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology , Ukraine/epidemiology , Radiation DosageABSTRACT
Objective. The goal of this study was to define levels and dynamic trends of cancer incidence at whole and some separate sites in groups of Ukrainian population affected by the Chornobyl accident during a long period of observation. Materials and methods. Those groups were Chornobyl accident recovery operation workers (CRW) of 1986-1987 years of participation, evacuees from Prypyat town and 30-km zone and residents of the most contaminated territories of Ukraine. Analysis was carried out with the standard methods of descriptive epidemiology: calculation of crude, age-specific and age-adjusted incidence rates with standard errors and confidence intervals. Results, discussion and conclusions. This study showed that all cancer incidences exceeded the national level only in CRW group. Decrease of cancer incidence rate in the recent years might be caused by shortened average life expectancy in Ukrainian population, especially in males. Statistically significant increase of leukemia incidence in CRW group was registered as well. Besides, in all three main affected groups there was revealed significant excess of thyroid cancer. Irradiation of thyroid due to radioactive iodine fallouts might be a main cause of this phenomenon. Increase of thyroid cancer incidence was registered not only in children, but also in adolescents and adults. Appearance of excess thyroid cancer cases as an effect of radiation exposure tends to increase during the time. Significant excess was also revealed for breast cancer in female CRW group. Because latency period for different nosological forms of radiation-induced malignant tumors varies widely, profound attention in further studies should be drawn not only to thyroid, breast cancers and leukemia, but also to malignancies with longer latent period: lung, stomach, colon, ovary, urinary bladder, kidney cancer and multiple myeloma.
ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The objective of the study was to analyze the Multiple Myeloma (MM) incidence in clean-up workers preparing the information background for consequent analytical study with a dose-dependent risk estimates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Cohort Database was linked to the Ukrainian National Cancer Registry to identify the MM cases in a cohort of 152 520 male clean-up workers. RESULTS: The 64 MM cases were identified in the studied Cohort for the 1987-2012 period. Fifty-eight of them were included to the preliminary incidence analysis accounting for the 10-years lag-period. According to the preliminary data analysis the MM incidence rate in studied clean-up workers Cohort did not exceed the corresponding rate in general population of Ukraine along the 21 years after the catastrophe. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized incidence ratio for the 2008-2012 period, that is 22-26 years after the accident, demonstrated the significant excess of MM incidence among male clean-up workers in comparison with general population of Ukraine of corresponding age and gender (SIR 1.61, 95% CI 1.01;2.21).
Subject(s)
Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Multiple Myeloma/epidemiology , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Cohort Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Humans , Incidence , Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis , Multiple Myeloma/etiology , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Radiation Dosage , UkraineABSTRACT
The article considers the possibility of the use of current infrastructure of specialized population registers of Ukraine to study leukemia and other systemic blood diseases revealed in Chernobyl accident liquidators. Advantage and limitation of such registers in the use are discussed in the article. Ukrainian state register of people who suffered from Chernobyl accident and Ukrainian national cancer registers are the largest population registers in the country, which cover all the territory of Ukraine and contain information on each individual and may serve as source base for epidemiological studies. To solve issues on leukemia and other oncological diseases is recommended to use in complex data of specialized registers of Ukraine. It should be also taken into account necessity of using late registered cases and verifying registered diagnoses.
Subject(s)
Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Health Status Indicators , Leukemia , Registries , Research Design , Humans , Leukemia/epidemiology , Leukemia/etiology , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Research Design/statistics & numerical data , Ukraine/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Chronic investigations (up to 3 years) conducted in dogs have evidenced that periodic disturbances of vascular permeability produced by using dicoumarin with a long-term blocking of the thyroid function greatly aggravate pathological manifestations induced by the action of 6-methylthiouracil. They result in the development in the animals of endogenous hypercholesterinemia, elevated content in the blood of beta-lipoproteins and in a periodic rise of the arterial pressure. These changes were particularly spectacular at the final stage of the experiment in animals with marked manifestations of atherosclerosis and were accompanied by reduced stand-by potentialities of the adrenal gland, disruption of metabolic processes in the myocardium along with the slowed down resorption of NaI131 from the heart muscle. The sensitivity of the heart to adrenalin was down too.