ABSTRACT
Vascular parkinsonism (VP) is a relatively frequent variant of secondary parkinsonism caused by ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions of basal ganglia, midbrain, or their links with frontal cortex. According to different investigations, various forms of cerebrovascular disease cause 1%-15% of parkinsonism cases. Nonmotor symptoms are frequently found in VP and may negatively influence on quality of life. However, nonmotor symptoms such as hallucinations, orthostatic hypotension, REM-sleep behavior disorder, and anosmia are rarely revealed in VP, which may be noted to another diagnosis or mixed pathology. Clinical value of nonmotor symptoms in normal pressure hydrocephalus, toxic, and drug-induced parkinsonism is also discussed.
Subject(s)
Brain/diagnostic imaging , Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/diagnostic imaging , Brain/physiopathology , Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology , Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology , Hallucinations/diagnostic imaging , Hallucinations/epidemiology , Hallucinations/physiopathology , Humans , Hypotension, Orthostatic/diagnostic imaging , Hypotension, Orthostatic/epidemiology , Hypotension, Orthostatic/physiopathology , Nerve Net/physiopathology , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/epidemiology , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/physiopathology , Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
We used a XeCl excimer laser with 50 ns pulses, a frequency of 0.3 Hz and a wavelength of 308 nm in appropriate conditions for the photocrosslinking of EcoRII restriction endonuclease to a 14-mer DNA duplex, containing a 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine residue (IdU). IdU replaced the thymidine residue within the EcoRII recognition sequence 5'-CCT/AGG. The binding of EcoRII endonuclease to the IdU-containing DNA duplex was analyzed by gel retardation assay in the presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions. Photocrosslinking of EcoRII to the IdU-containing DNA duplex occurred in a pre-reactive complex formed in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Photocrosslinking yields as a function of time and UV-laser light intensity were studied.
