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1.
Acta Psychiatr Scand ; 139(3): 256-268, 2019 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30552759

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar II disorder (BIP-II) is disputed but understudied. Here, we investigated brain glucose metabolism in these patient groups and healthy control subjects (HCs). METHODS: Sixty-five subjects, 22 BPD (19 females), 22 BIP-II (17 females), and 21 HC (14 females), were examined using 2-deoxy-2[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose positron-emission tomography (PET) scanning. Only patients without reciprocal comorbidity were recruited; BPD participants without bipolar spectrum pathology; BIP-II participants without cluster A/B personality pathology. Groups were compared pairwise. Associations with mood state and childhood trauma were analyzed. RESULTS: Both patient groups exhibited hypometabolism compared with HCs in insula, brainstem, and frontal white matter. Additionally, BPD patients showed hypometabolism in hypothalamus, midbrain, and striatum; BIP-II patients in cerebellum. Uncorrected analyses showed cortical areas of higher metabolism in BIP-II than BPD, and associations with clinical variables differed between the groups. CONCLUSION: Reduced metabolism in the insula regions was shown in both disorders, suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms. The observed patterns of altered metabolism specific to each patient group, as well as the uncorrected results, may also suggest differential pathophysiology. However, these latter findings must be interpreted cautiously given the non-significant corrected results in the direct comparison between the disorders.


Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/metabolism , Borderline Personality Disorder/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Adult , Bipolar Disorder/diagnostic imaging , Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnostic imaging , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Female , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Humans , Male , Neuroimaging , Positron-Emission Tomography , Radiopharmaceuticals , Young Adult
2.
J Affect Disord ; 116(1-2): 56-63, 2009 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19062101

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To correlate measures of insight for own psychopathology to structural and functional brain imaging findings in 21 patients with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder. METHODS: Insight was assessed using the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD). Resting single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) was conducted in patients and 21 normal comparison subjects matched for age, gender and handedness. RESULTS: Reduced general insight and symptom awareness, but not symptom attribution, were significantly related to cortical and subcortical atrophy, respectively. No correlations between SPECT and insight measures were identified. LIMITATIONS: Limited sample size and the use of resting state SPECT. CONCLUSIONS: General and symptom awareness were related to measures of brain atrophy but not to neurofunctioning as measured by SPECT. Future research should consider the structure and function of specific cortical regions, including the frontal and parietal cortices.


Subject(s)
Awareness , Bipolar Disorder/pathology , Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Brain/pathology , Brain/physiopathology , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Adult , Atrophy , Bipolar Disorder/diagnostic imaging , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain Mapping/methods , Case-Control Studies , Cerebral Cortex/pathology , Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Self Concept , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
3.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen ; 121(14): 1693-6, 2001 May 30.
Article in Norwegian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11446011

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acute osteomyelitis in young children poses a diagnostic challenge. Signs and symptoms are often not well defined and blood tests (SR, CRP etc.) are often of limited value. Standard roentgenograms do not preclude the diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present eight cases of acute osteomyelitis in children under the age of two, seen at the Child Centre, at Ullevaal University Hospital during the last year. RESULTS: Scintigraphic interpretation failed to reveal the diagnosis in two cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was shown to be a more reliable method. Only a few biopsies were done. INTERPRETATION: Examination of children suspected of suffering from an osteomyelitis should include both a bone scintigraphy, MRI, and to the extent possible a needle biopsy.


Subject(s)
Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Bone and Bones/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Osteomyelitis/diagnostic imaging , Osteomyelitis/pathology , Radiography , Radionuclide Imaging
4.
Pediatr Radiol ; 29(9): 694-701, 1999 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10460332

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Examination of the paediatric urogenital tract is traditionally performed using methods that utilise ionising radiation, such as intravenous urography (IVU), computerised tomography (CT), voiding cystourethrography (VCU), and scintigraphy, in addition to ultrasound (US). OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential and effectiveness of MR urography (MRU) in infants and children. Materials and methods. 44 MRU examinations were prospectively performed in 39 patients (21 infants, mean age 3.5 months, and 18 children, mean age 6 years 2 months) with known or suspected pathology of the urinary tract. Non-enhanced, fast spin-echo sequences (TSE) were performed in all patients. In 70 % of the patients a contrast-enhanced, fast gradient-echo sequence (TFE) was included. The dynamic sequence was prolonged and supplemented with furosemide provocation in some patients with suspected urinary-tract obstruction. RESULTS: Nine percent of examinations were non-diagnostic or interrupted due to movement. MRU contributed additional information in 66 %. Nine patients with suspected urinary-tract obstruction were examined with both contrast-enhanced MRU and scintigraphy. Three MRU examinations were less informative and one equal to scintigraphy when obstruction was the diagnosis. When using a technique with a prolonged dynamic sequence, including frusemide provocation, four MRU examinations were equal and one was superior to scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS: MRU has the potential to replace traditional diagnostic methods which use ionising radiation in paediatric patients. Further studies are needed before definite conclusions can be drawn.


Subject(s)
Female Urogenital Diseases/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male Urogenital Diseases , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Contrast Media/administration & dosage , Diuretics/administration & dosage , Female , Female Urogenital Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Furosemide/administration & dosage , Gadolinium DTPA/administration & dosage , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Prospective Studies , Radionuclide Imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Retrospective Studies , Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases/diagnostic imaging
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