Subject(s)
Acid Phosphatase/blood , Naphthalenes , Organophosphorus Compounds , Diazonium Compounds , Humans , Male , Prostate/enzymology , SpectrophotometryABSTRACT
I evaluated the performance of the "ORTHO PAP-IA," an endogenous immunoenzyme assay for prostatic acid phosphatase. The procedure is based on double-antibody precipitation of the antigen, followed by quantification of its enzymic activity. The antibodies are in large excess, to speed the reactions and minimize sensitivity to variations in assay conditions. Enzymic activity is measured via an extremely sensitive colorimetric reaction, the analytical sensitivity of which exceeds that of radioimmunoassay. Absorbance is linearly related to activity concentration up to an absorbance of 4.0, and only a single calibration standard is required. Within-run CV was less than 2%, between-run CV about 4%. Neither individual blanks nor assay in duplicate is required. All reagents, including the enzyme standard, are stable solutions. Results correlated well with those by a standard radioimmunoassay (r = 0.993, n = 38).
Subject(s)
Acid Phosphatase/blood , Prostate/enzymology , Antibody Specificity , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Male , Naphthalenes/metabolism , Nitrophenols/metabolism , Organophosphorus Compounds/metabolism , Radioimmunoassay , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
A rapid, convenient immunologic assay technic for fibrinogen is reported. Basically a latex agglutination, the assay technic, called kinetic latex agglutinometry, quantitates the increase in light transmission that occurs in a stirred suspension of anti-fibrinogen-coated latex beads after the addition of a plasma or whole blood sample containing fibrinogen. In this system the time "delta t" required for a given transmission change to occur is inversely proportional in a log-log relationship to the quantity of fibrinogen in the plasma sample. The reaction is linear over a fibrinogen concentration of greater than 100-fold. The sensitivity can be adjusted over a wide range, and the assay can quantitate as little as 10 ng fibrinogen. The assay can be used with either plasma or whole blood. When compared to the thrombin clotting time method of Clauss, the correlation coefficient is 0.99 for the plasma assay and 0.95 for the whole blood assay. As a one-step assay employing stable reagents and requiring approximately two minutes per assay for normal plasma, the method is ideally suited for use in the clinical laboratory.
Subject(s)
Fibrinogen/analysis , Latex Fixation Tests/methods , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products , Heparin , Humans , Immunoassay/methods , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , Thrombin TimeABSTRACT
A disposable bleeding time device that provides two simultaneous standardized incisions is described. The mean bleeding time of 47 normal adults was 4.1 min with a 95% range of 2.2--7.0 min. The standard deviation of duplicate bleeding times was 0.7 min, and the day-to-day standard deviation for individuals was 0.9 min. In a double-blind crossover study of 20 normal adults, the mean bleeding time increased from 3.7 to 6.2 min after ingestion of 1 g aspirin. The device is extremely simple to use and is essentially painless. Physical trauma is minimal.
Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation Tests/instrumentation , Disposable Equipment , Aspirin/pharmacology , Blood Coagulation/drug effects , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The relative sensitivities of the prothrombin time, Russell's viper venom time and activated partial thromboplastin time were determined in one-stage quantitative assays for factor V and factor X. Sensitivity was defined as the slope of the reference curve. The prothrombin time was the most sensitive test for factor X and the least sensitive for factor V. The Russell's viper venom time was the most sensitive test for factor V and least sensitive for factor X. The activated partial thromboplastin time approximated the sensitivity of Russell's viper venom for factor V and had intermediate sensitivity for factor X. The data indicate that factor V is best quantitated by the Russell's viper venom time and factor X by the prothrombin time, exactly the opposite of what is customarily done.
