ABSTRACT
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the predictive factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) and to evaluate the applicability of the Japanese treatment guidelines for endoscopic resection in the western population. Methods: Five hundred-one patients with pathological diagnoses of EGC were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the predictive factors of LNM. EGC patients were distributed according to the indications for endoscopic resection of the Eastern guidelines. The incidence of LNM was evaluated in each group. Results: From 501 patients with EGC, 96 (19.2%) presented LNM. In 279 patients with tumors with submucosal infiltration (T1b), 83 (30%) patients had LNM. Among 219 patients who presented tumors > 3 cm, 63 (29%) patients had LNM. Thirty-one percent of patients with ulcerated tumors presented LMN (33 out of 105). In 76 patients and 24 patients with lymphovascular and perineural invasion, the percentage of LMN was 84% and 87%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, a tumor diameter >3 cm, submucosal invasion, lymphovascular, and perineural invasion were independent predictors of LMN in EGC. No patient with differentiated, non-ulcerated mucosal tumors presented LNM regardless of tumor size. Three of 17 patients (18%) with differentiated, ulcerated mucosal tumors and ≤ 3 cm presented LNM. No LNM was evidenced in patients with undifferentiated mucosal tumors and ≤ 2 cm. Conclusions: The presence of LNM in Western EGC patients was independently related to larger tumors (>3 cm), submucosal invasion, lymphovascular and perineural invasion. The Japanese absolute indications for EMR are safe in the Western population. Likewise, Western patients with differentiated, non-ulcerated mucosal tumors, and larger than 2 cm are susceptible to endoscopic resection. Patients with undifferentiated mucosal tumors smaller than 2 cm presented encouraging results and ESD could be recommended only for selected cases.
ABSTRACT
Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de serogrupos y serotipos y el perfil de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de Shigella sp., aisladas en un instituto pediátrico de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron 85 aislamientos de Shigella sp., identificados bioquímicamente y serológicamente a nivel de serogrupo y serotipo por el método de aglutinación en lámina. Los patrones de resistencia antibiótica se determinaron mediante el método de disco difusión en agar. Resultados: De los 85 aislamientos de Shigella sp., 53 (62,3%) correspondieron al serogrupo B (Shigella flexneri), 28 (32,9%) al grupo D (Shigella sonnei) y 4 (4,8%) al grupo C (Shigella boydii), ningún aislamiento correspondió al grupo A (Shigella dysenteriae). Respecto a los serotipos, en el grupo B, fueron 46% 1b, 36% 2a y 18% variante Y; en el grupo C fue C4 y en el grupo D todos fueron Fase I. La evaluación del perfil de susceptibilidad mostró que el 100% de las cepas fueron sensibles a aztreonam, ácido nalidíxico y ciprofloxacina; entre 80 y 90% fueron resistentes a trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol, ampicilina y tetraciclina. Conclusiones: El serogrupo más frecuente fue Shigella flexneri, no se reportó Shigella dysenteriae. Existe elevado nivel de resistencia a Sulfametoxazole/trimetoprim, ampicilina y tetraciclina. (AU)
Objectives: To determine the frequency of serogroups and serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Shigella sp., isolated in a pediatric institute from Lima, Peru. Methods: Observational study conducted in 85 isolates of Shigella sp., serologically identified to serogroup and serotype by slide agglutination method. The antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by disk diffusion in agar. Results: 53 (62.3%) were serogroup B (Shigella flexneri), 28 (32.9%) group D (Shigella sonnei) and 4 (4.8%) group C (Shigella boydii) , no bacteria group A (Shigella dysenteriae) was isolated. Respect to serotypes, in group B were 46% 1b, 36% 2a y 18% Y variant; in group C was C4 and in group D all were phase I. Evaluation of susceptibility profile showed that 100% of the strains were susceptible to aztreonam, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin; between 80 and 90% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and tetracycline. Conclusions: The most common serogroup was Shigella flexneri. Shigella dysenteriae was not reported. There is a high level of resistance sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim, ampicillin and tetracycline. (AU)
