ABSTRACT
In childhood, several drugs are the cause of acute extrapyramidal syndromes which are true medical emergencies. In the course of one year out of 321 children with acute poisoning, 49 (14.9%) showed these side effects. The responsible drugs were mainly the phenothiazines and haloperidol; only in two cases the metoclopramide. The extrapyramidal syndromes were characterized by akathisia, dyskinesia with dystonic reactions, parkinsonism and akinesia. Diphenhydramine has shown to be useful in treating acute extrapyramidal disturbances when used intravenously followed by oral administration.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Basal Ganglia Diseases/chemically induced , Haloperidol/adverse effects , Metoclopramide/adverse effects , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Basal Ganglia Diseases/drug therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Diphenhydramine/pharmacology , Diphenhydramine/therapeutic use , Extrapyramidal Tracts/drug effects , Female , Humans , Iatrogenic Disease , Infant , Male , Phenothiazines , Receptors, Dopamine/drug effectsABSTRACT
En la edad pediatrica, diversas drogas pueden causar sintomas extrapiramidales que por su evolucion aguda constituyen verdaderas urgencias medicas. En el transcurso de un ano, del total de 321 ninos internados con el diagnostico de intoxicacion aguda, 48 (14.9%) habian recibido ese tipo de drogas. De estas, las que con mayor frecuencia causaron los sintomas fueron las fenotiacinas y el haloperidol; la manera como los ninos se expusieron a ellas fue en la mayor parte de los casos por yatrogenia y despues por ingestion accidental. Las manifestaciones clinicas que predominaron fueron acatisia, discinesias paroxisticas del tipo de las crisis oculogiras, las distonias de torsion de cuello y tronco y las crisis bucolinguales, parkinsonismo caracterizado por temblores finos, sialorrea e hipertonia y finalmente, acinesia. Se propone un esquema de tratamiento empleando unicamente difenhidramina por via parenteral y bucal con lo que se obtienen buenos resultados terapeuticos
Subject(s)
Basal Ganglia Diseases , Haloperidol , Metoclopramide , PhenothiazinesABSTRACT
A direct method was used to study the concentration of intraerythrocytic sodium and postassium in 21 prematures with adequate weight for their gestational age and in 24 small for their gestational age. Intraerythrocytic potassium showed to be less, while sodium turned out to be greater in the group of prematures small for their gestational age when compared with those with adequates weight. No significant differences were found between concentrations of serum sodium and potassium in both groups. These results are in close relationship with the findings of potassium in the muscular cell and in the leukocytes of infants with protein-calorie malnutrition and may show importance in terms of the flow of ions through the erythrocytic membrane.
