The nutritional status of healthy children using bioelectrical impedance and anthropometric measurement.

OBJECTIVE: Monitoring of healthy children should include precise assessment of their nutritional status to identify children and adolescents at risk of nutrition disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of healthy children using different nutritional risk screening tools. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 550 participants within the age range of 7-15 years. Anthropometric characteristics (body mass, height, body mass index) were collected using standard procedures. In addition, the following parameters were analyzed: fat mass, fat-free mass, body cell mass, and total body water. RESULTS: The results revealed that variables such as children's age and sex significantly differentiated the values of selected components of the body composition. CONCLUSIONS: This observation suggests that it is necessary to use different methods to evaluate nutritional status among healthy children.

Students' perception of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey study of Polish medical students.

ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted teaching in a variety of institutions, especially in medical schools. Electronic learning (e-learning) became the core method of teaching the curriculum during the pandemic. After 8 weeks of only online learning, a survey was conducted to investigate perception of this type of learning among medical students.A survey was conducted by distributing an online questionnaire to Polish medical students. Data gathered from the survey were analyzed with routine statistical software.Eight hundred four students answered the questionnaire. According to respondents' answers, the main advantages of online learning were the ability to stay at home (69%), continuous access to online materials (69%), learning at your own pace (64%), and comfortable surroundings (54%). The majority of respondents chose lack of interactions with patients (70%) and technical problems with IT equipment (54%) as the main disadvantages. There was no statistical difference between face-to-face and online learning in terms of opinions on the ability of the learning method to increase knowledge (P = .46). E-learning was considered less effective than face-to-face learning in terms of increasing skills (P < .001) and social competences (P < .001). Students assessed that they were less active during online classes compared to traditional classes (P < .001). E-learning was rated as enjoyable by 73% of respondents.E-learning is a powerful tool for teaching medical students. However, successful implementation of online learning into the curriculum requires a well thought-out strategy and a more active approach.

Flexible tip bougie - the new introducer for intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A randomized crossover manikin study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare three intubation methods during cardiopulmonary resuscitation using an adult-manikin. METHODS: Thirty-nine paramedics were included in this study. Each participant performed endotracheal intubation during continuous chest compressions using 3 different methods: conventional Macintosh laryngoscope without additional intubation aids (MAC), conventional Macintosh laryngoscope with gum-elastic bougie (GEB), or flexible tip bougie (FTB). First attempt intubation success rate and intubation time was measured. RESULTS: Intubation success rate was 39% with the use of MAC, 92% with GEB and 95% with FTB. It was statistically lower with MAC than with GEB (P < .001) and FTB (P < .001). There was no difference between GEB and FTB in intubation success rate (P = .644). The mean(SD) intubation time was 28.43 (13.81)s with MAC, 25.69 (5.35)s with GEB and 21.41 (2.88)s with FTB. Intubation time was significantly longer with GEB than with FTB (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Within limitations, results of our study suggest that intubation aids facilitate tracheal intubation during continuous chest compressions. Using flexible tip bougie shortens the duration of the procedure compared to gum elastic bougie.

Evaluation of indications for reduced-dose non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in hospitalised patients with atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Prevention of thromboembolic complications is a priority in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is more common and some patients have indications for a reduced dose. AIM: We sought to evaluate the frequency of NOACs being prescribed to AF patients and to compare the groups of AF patients receiving standard and reduced doses. METHODS: The study included 1327 patients diagnosed with AF and hospitalised at an institution of the highest referral level in cardiology in the years 2015-2016. Final analysis encompassed 713 patients with nonvalvular AF, who were prescribed NOACs upon discharge. RESULTS: In the group of patients receiving NOACs, standard doses were used in 383 (53.7%) patients, while 330 (46.3%) patients received reduced doses. Among patients treated with reduced doses, dabigatran was prescribed to 186 (56.4%) patients, rivaroxaban to 124 (37.5%) patients, and apixaban to 20 (6.1%) patients. Absence of indications for dose reduction was identified in 54 out of 330 (16.4%) patients receiving reduced-dose NOACs, including six out of 20 patients receiving reduced-dose apixaban (30%), 21 out of 186 patients receiving reduced-dose dabigatran (11.3%), and 24 out of 124 pa-tients receiving reduced-dose rivaroxaban (19.3%). Among patients treated with reduced dose of dabigatran (n = 186), one indication for dose reduction was observed in 75 patients, and at least two indications were observed in 90 patients. One indication was observed in 71 patients, and at least two indications were observed in 30 patients treated with a reduced dose of rivaroxaban (n = 124). CONCLUSIONS: Standard doses of NOACs were prescribed to most hospitalised AF patients. Apixaban was prescribed more frequently in the reduced-dose regimen, while the frequencies of standard and reduced doses prescribed were similar for dabigatran and rivaroxaban. Absence of indications for dose reduction as defined in relevant guidelines and Summaries of Product Characteristics was identified in 15.5% of patients receiving reduced doses of NOACs. More than one indication for dose reduction was identified in most patients receiving reduced-dose dabigatran, while one indication was identified in most patients receiving reduced-dose rivaroxaban.