The role of multiparametric resonance and biopsy in prostate cancer detection: comparison with definitive histological report after laparoscopic/robotic radical prostatectomy.

PURPOSE: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) targeted biopsy increases overall detection rates and decreases the risk of clinically insignificant PCa detection. The aim of this retrospective study is to compare concordance rates regarding side of lesion and Gleason Score at fusion targeted/systematic biopsy and MRI with the definitive histologic report of prostatectomy specimen. METHODS: 115 patients underwent multiparametric (mp) MRI and successively fusion targeted/systematic biopsy. 107 patients, with a positive biopsy for PCa, further underwent laparoscopic/robotic radical prostatectomy. We compared surgical histologic report with biopsy histologic report for side of lesion and Gleason Score. We further compared PIRADS score at mpMRI with Gleason Score of both histologic reports. RESULTS: Concordance rate for mpMRI lesion side was 74% compared to biopsy and 52.3% compared to surgical histologic report (p < 0.0001). Fusion targeted/systematic biopsy reported a concordance rate with surgical histologic report of 67.3% for side of the lesion, while Gleason Score was concordant for 73.6% for clinically significant cancer (Gleason Score ≥ 7) (p < 0.0001). PIRADS score ≥ 3 was further associated with clinically significant cancer at surgical histologic report in 92.4% of cases (p = 0.359). CONCLUSION: Multiparametric MRI of the prostate reaches a good and improvable accuracy in the detection of suspicious PCa before biopsy. A combined approach of fusion targeted and systematic biopsy could further increase the overall accuracy in PCa diagnosis, especially in biopsy-naïve patients, reaching concordance rates with definitive histologic report up to 52.3% and 85.5%.

Glanular Venous Malformation in Pediatric Age: An Uncommon Vascular Disorder.

Glanular venous malformations are uncommon in pediatric patients. The diagnosis can be easily achieved by observation, even if color Doppler ultrasound is useful for a better characterization. Abdomino-pelvic MRI is necessary to assess the extension of complex lesions and check for associated anomalies. Several therapeutic options are reported in literature. We report 3 paediatric cases successfully treated by surgery with no complications and functional sequelae. Cosmetic results were satisfactory, with minimal surgical scarring. In our opinion, surgery for small glanular venous malformations is indicated within puberty to prevent traumatic bleeding and psychological impact.

[Clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of infectious acute diarrhea in children Peru - 2011]. / Guía de práctica clínica sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la diarrea aguda infecciosa en pediatría Perú - 2011.

The Clinical Practice Guidelines cover the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Pediatric Infectious is a consice information about definition, inclusion and exclusion criteria; epidemiology and etiology of infectious diarrhea. The guidelines cover aspects of diagnosis and treatment (dehydration, antibiotics, supportive therapy), nutritional support and other aspects of transferences and prevention.

Guía de práctica clínica sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la diarrea aguda infecciosa en pediatría Perú - 2011 / Clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of infectious acute diarrhea in children Peru - 2011

Guía de Práctica Clínica sobre el Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la Diarrea Aguda Infecciosa en Pediatría del Perú es una información resumida sobre la definición criterios de inclusión y exclusión epidemiología y etiología de la diarrea infecciosa; considerando aspectos en el dignóstico y tratamiento (desidratación, tratamiento antibiótico, tratamientos de apoyo), soporte nutricional criterios de transferencias y alta y aspectos de prevención.

The Clinical Practice Guidelines cover the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Pediatric Infectious is a consice information about definition, inclusion and exclusion criteria; epidemiology and etiology of infectious diarrhea. The guidelines cover aspects of diagnosis and treatment (dehydration, antibiotics, supportive therapy), nutritional support and other aspects of transferences and prevention.

Role of CCR5, CCR2 and SDF-1 gene polymorphisms in a population of HIV-1 infected individuals.

The finding that in addition to CD4 molecule HIV-1 uses, CCR5 or CXCR4 receptors to enter target cells prompted the research to identify polymorphisms in coreceptor genes affecting disease progression. In this study we analyzed the prevalence of CCR5-delta32, CCR2-641 and SDF1-3'A alleles in a highly selected group of 42 Long-Term Nonprogressors (LTNPs) compared to 112 subjects with a typical course of HIV-1 infection (TPs) and 117 healthy controls (HCs). In addition, we correlated CCR5, CCR2 and SDF-1 genotypes with molecular indexes of HIV-1 replication, cell-free RNA and both unspliced (US) and multiply spliced (MS) intracellular transcripts, to investigate the role of the mutant alleles in determining a long-term nonprogressive course of HIV-1 disease. Our results indicate a significantly higher prevalence of CCR5-delta32 allele in LTNPs compared to TPs (p=0.0434), while the proportions of CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A alleles were comparable between the two groups. However, SDF-1 wild type LTNP subjects showed significantly lower levels of HIV-1 genomic RNA, US and MS transcripts than SDF1-3'A heterozygous ones (p=0.0021, 0.016, 0.0031, respectively), whereas both CCR5 and CCR2 wild type individuals had similar rates of viral replication compared to CCR5-delta32 and CCR2-64I heterozygous ones. CCR5, CCR2 and SDF-1 combined genotypes were also studied and this analysis did not identify a specific protective cluster of alleles in LTNPs. Taken together, our results indicate that genetic background involving CCR5, CCR2 and SDF-1 alleles may play a limited role in the natural history of HIV-1 infection.

Solution structural studies and low-resolution model of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe sap1 protein.

Sap1 is a DNA-binding protein involved in controlling the mating type switch in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In the absence of any significant sequence similarity with any structurally known protein, a variety of biophysical techniques has been used to probe the solution low-resolution structure of the sap1 protein. First, sap1 is demonstrated to be an unusually elongated dimer in solution by measuring the translational diffusion coefficient with two independent techniques: dynamic light-scattering and ultracentrifugation. Second, sequence analysis revealed the existence of a long coiled-coil region, which is responsible for dimerization. The length of the predicted coiled-coil matches estimates drawn from the hydrodynamic experimental behaviour of the molecule. In addition, the same measurements done on a shorter construct with a coiled-coil region shortened by roughly one-half confirmed the localization of the long coiled-coil region. A crude T-shape model incorporating all these information was built. Third, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of the free molecule provided additional evidence for the model. In particular, the P(r) curve strikingly demonstrates the existence of long intramolecular distances. Using a novel 3D reconstruction algorithm, a low resolution 3D model of the protein has been independently constructed that matches the SAXS experimental data. It also fits the translation diffusion coefficients measurements and agrees with the first T-shaped model. This low-resolution model has clearly biologically relevant new functional implications, suggesting that sap1 is a bifunctional protein, with the two active sites being separated by as much as 120 A; a tetrapeptide repeated four times at the C terminus of the molecule is postulated to be of utmost functional importance.

trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine is a substrate for and inactivator of horseradish peroxidase.

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is well known for mediating the electron-transfer oxidation of electron-rich aromatic 'donors' such as phenols and anilines, but has not been described to oxidize aliphatic amines. We here confirm the inability of HRP to oxidize typical aliphatic amines, even those which would exist significantly as free bases at the operative pH. In contrast, trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine (2-PCPA) is both a substrate (turnover product is cinnamaldehyde) and a time-dependent inactivator of HRP. These activities of 2-PCPA are consistent with either a concerted or rapid sequential one-electron-oxidation/ring-opening to give an intermediate capable of covalent binding to the enzyme. 2-PCPA is the first known example of a simple aliphatic amine which serves as a substrate for HRP under turnover conditions.

Self-stimulation and alcohol administered orally or intraperitoneally.

The relationships in rats between the reinforcing value of electrical self-stimulation of the brain and varying concentrations of ethanol in the drinking solution (from 5 to 40% v/v alcohol) or in i.p. injections (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 g/kg of alcohol) were studied. The reinforcing value of brain stimulation was quantified using the total time spent in self-stimulation and the number of bar pressings. Results showed that the relationships depended on the ethanol concentration, the degree of reinforcement of the brain stimulation, and the route of administration of the ethanol solution. Particularly, a small dosage injected intraperitoneally or ingested orally accentuated the reward produced by an electrical brain stimulation when the self-stimulation performance was still high. On the contrary, a large dosage of alcohol always dramatically depressed the self-stimulation performance.

The influence on thyroid function of two iodine-containing radiological contrast media.

The aim of this study was to establish the effects of two iodine-containing radiological contrast media (ioxaglate and diatrizoate) on plasma iodide, thyroid hormones and TSH in a group of 20 subjects (8 females, 12 males). The following were evaluated two, eight and 30 days after administration of the drugs: plasma iodide, T4, T3, rT3, FT41, TSH before and after TRH (250 micrograms IV). 131I uptake was measured before the media were given and 30 days afterwards. The results were compared at the different times during the investigation using Wilcoxon's signed ranking test for non-parametric variables. Plasma iodide was found to be above the normal range two to eight days after ioxaglate and two to eight and 30 days after diatrizoate. After ioxaglate, rT3 was increased at eight days and T3 at 30 days. 131I uptake remained low after the 30th day. After diatrizoate, T4 was decreased on the second day and FT41 was low, on the eighth and 30th day. All figures represent statistically significant but nevertheless minor variations of the initial value of each parameter. In conclusion, although ioxaglate and diatrizoate lead to variations in plasma thyroid hormone levels, they are of little importance.