Can cystinuria decrease the effectiveness of RIRS with high-power ho:yag laser in children? Outcomes from a tertiary endourology referral center.

Cystinuria, which is the cause of cystine urolithiasis, accounts for 2-6% of all urinary stones in children, has a low prevalence with a high recurrence rate, making this metabolic disorder a therapeutic challenge in pediatric population. The aim of this work is evaluate the efficacy and safety of retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS) in pediatric patients with cystinuria and kidney stones smaller than 2 cm. Prospective study of 64 stones treated in 22 retrograde intra-renal surgeries (RIRS) in cystinuric pediatric patients with renal or proximal ureteral stones less than 2 cm. Average age of 9.5 years. The following data were analyzed: demographics, stone characteristics and surgical data with intra- and postoperative complications. Location of the stones was 68.7% in the calyces, 20.3% in the renal pelvis, and 9.3% in the ureteropelvic junction; 41% of cases had multiple locations. The average cystinuria level before the procedure was 825 mg/dL. The anatomy of 73% of the interventions increased the difficulty of flexible ureteroscopy and decreased stone free rates, because distorted renal anatomy was present: sclerosis of the pelvis or infundibulum, abnormal calyceal dilations, or excluded calyces. Intraoperative complications occurred in 18.2% of the procedures. Reno-vesical ultrasound was performed in all patients in the first postoperative month, with an SFR of 59%. Cystinuric patients are a challenge for pediatric urologists, decreasing the effectiveness of RIRS. However, it could be better treatment than SWL and with fewer complications than PCNL in the pediatric population with this disease.

Nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento urgente de la hemorragia renal / Our experience in emergency treatment of renal haemorrhage

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los casos de hemorragia renal que provocan un compromiso para la vida del paciente requieren de una cirugía urgente. Actualmente la cirugía endovascular es el tratamiento de primera elección. OBJETIVO: Revisar los pacientes con una hemorragia renal que fueron intervenidos de urgencia mediante una técnica endovascular en nuestro centro. Evaluar las causas de sangrado renal, el tratamiento realizado así como los resultados obtenidos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes consecutivos con sangrado renal y que fueron tratados con una técnica endovascular entre junio del 2012 y junio del 2017 en el Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII (Tarragona). Se recogieron los datos demográficos (edad, sexo, comorbilidad) y otras variables relacionadas (mecanismo de la lesión, la estabilidad hemodinámica y si estaba en tratamiento anticoagulante). También se analizaron los hallazgos encontrados en la angio-TAC, el tiempo transcurrido entre el diagnóstico y la realización de la cirugía, la técnica endovascular y el material utilizado, la extensión de parénquima embolizado y los resultados obtenidos. RESULTADOS: Incluimos a 22 pacientes con una edad media de 63 años (19-85). Las causas de lesión fueron relacionadas con punción de una biopsia renal (n=7,31; 8%), sangrado de tumoraciones malignas renales (n=5; 22,7%), traumatismos (n=4; 18,2%), angiomiolipomas (n=2; 9,1%), sangrado espontáneo (n=2; 9,1%) y complicaciones quirúrgicas (n=2; 9,1%). En todos los casos la técnica endovascular realizada fue la embolización. El material utilizado fue: esferas (9,1%), coils (63,6%), esferas + coils (18,2%), esferas+oclusor (9,1%). En 17 de los casos (77,3%) se llevó a cabo una embolización selectiva y en 5 casos (22,7%) una embolización de todo el riñón. El éxito clínico y técnico fue del 100%. La mortalidad a los 30 días fue del 9,1%. CONCLUSIÓN: Creemos que el tratamiento endovascular es una técnica efectiva para el control del sangrado renal y permite, en la mayoría de casos, la preservación de gran parte de parénquima renal

INTRODUCTION: Renal haemorrhage is a potentially life-threatening event requiring emergency surgery. Endovascular therapy is currently the first-line treatment option. OBJECTIVS: Review patients with renal haemorrhage who required emergency endovascular therapy at our center. Evaluate the causes of the bleeding, the treatment performed and the clinical outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with renal bleeding who underwent endovascular therapy from June 2012 to June 2017 at Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII (Tarragona, Spain). Demographic data (age, gender and comorbidity) and other related variables were collected (mechanism of injury, haemodynamic stability and anticoagulant therapy). We also studied the CT angiography findings, time from diagnosis to surgery, endovascular technique and materials used, extent of tissue embolised and outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-two (22) patients were included with a mean age of 63 (range 19-85). The aetiology of injuries included: renal biopsy (n=7, 31.8%), bleeding from malignant kidney tumour (n=5, 22.7%), trauma (n=4, 18.2%), angiomyolipoma (n=2, 9.1%), spontaneous bleeding (n=2, 9.1%) and surgical complications (n=2, 9.1%). The endovascular therapy technique was embolisation in all cases. The following materials were used: spheres (9.1%); coils (63.6%); spheres + coils (18.2%); and spheres + plug (9.1%). In 17 cases (77.3%), selective embolisation was performed and in five cases (22.7%), embolisation of the whole kidney. Clinical and technical success rates of 100% were recorded. The 30-day mortality rate was 9.1%. CONCLUSION: We believe that endovascular therapy is an effective modality for the management of renal bleeding which, in many cases, enables a large part of the renal tissue to be preserved

Our experience in emergency treatment of renal haemorrhage. / Nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento urgente de la hemorragia renal.

INTRODUCTION: Renal haemorrhage is a potentially life-threatening event requiring emergency surgery. Endovascular therapy is currently the first-line treatment option. OBJECTIVES: Review patients with renal haemorrhage who required emergency endovascular therapy at our center. Evaluate the causes of the bleeding, the treatment performed and the clinical outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with renal bleeding who underwent endovascular therapy from June 2012 to June 2017 at Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII (Tarragona, Spain). Demographic data (age, gender and comorbidity) and other related variables were collected (mechanism of injury, haemodynamic stability and anticoagulant therapy). We also studied the CT angiography findings, time from diagnosis to surgery, endovascular technique and materials used, extent of tissue embolised and outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-two (22) patients were included with a mean age of 63 (range 19-85). The aetiology of injuries included: renal biopsy (n=7, 31.8%), bleeding from malignant kidney tumour (n=5, 22.7%), trauma (n=4, 18.2%), angiomyolipoma (n=2, 9.1%), spontaneous bleeding (n=2, 9.1%) and surgical complications (n=2, 9.1%). The endovascular therapy technique was embolisation in all cases. The following materials were used: spheres (9.1%); coils (63.6%); spheres + coils (18.2%); and spheres + plug (9.1%). In 17 cases (77.3%), selective embolisation was performed and in five cases (22.7%), embolisation of the whole kidney. Clinical and technical success rates of 100% were recorded. The 30-day mortality rate was 9.1%. CONCLUSION: We believe that endovascular therapy is an effective modality for the management of renal bleeding which, in many cases, enables a large part of the renal tissue to be preserved.