ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Infections in critical care unit are high, and they are serious hospital problems. Infections acquired during the hospital stay are generally called nosocomial infections, initially known as infections arising after 48 h of hospital admission. The mostfrequent nosocomial infections (urinary, respiratory, gastroenteritis and blood stream infection) were common in patients at hospital.The aim was to study, the current status of nosocomial infection, rate of infection among hospitalized children at hematology-oncology ward of Dr. Sheikh children's hospital, Mashhad, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from 200 patient's records presented with symptoms of nosocomial infection at hematology-oncology ward of Dr. Sheikh children's hospital from March 2014 to September 2014. Descriptive statistics using percentage was calculated. RESULTS: Incidence of nosocomial infections inpatients athematology-oncology ward was 31% (62/200). Of which 69.35% (43/62) blood stream infection being the most frequent; followed by 30.64% (19/62) was urinary tract infection (UTI), and the most common blood culture isolate was been Staphylococcus epidermidis 18 (41.86%), andour study showed that large numbers ofnosocomial UTIs causing by Gramnegative bacteria. CONCLUSION: This study showed blood stream infection and UTI are the common nosocomial infections among patients athematology-oncology ward. Early recognition of infections and short term use of invasive devices along with proper infection control procedures can significantly decrease the incidence of nosocomial infections in patients.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the aetiology and complications of exchange transfusion (ET) performed for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 68 term and near-term newborns who underwent ET at two perinatal centres in Isfahan, Iran between January 2001 and January 2004, was performed. RESULTS: Of the 68 patients who underwent ET, nine (13.2 percent) required more than one ET. The most common causes of ET overall were ABO incompatibility (22.1 percent) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (19.1 percent). The maximum total serum bilirubin concentration was 25.9 +/- 7.5 mg/dL. ET complications occurred in 14 neonates (20.9 percent), the most common being thrombocytopenia (6 percent). One (1.5 percent) of the 68 patients died of complications, probably attributable to ET. CONCLUSION: ET causes high morbidity, even in term and near-term newborns. Therefore, it should be initiated only when the benefit of preventing kernicterus outweighs the complications associated with the procedure.
