ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cervical Cancer (CC) has become a public health concern of alarming proportions in many developing countries such as Mexico, particularly in low income sectors and marginalized regions. As such, an early detection is a key medical factor in improving not only their population's quality of life but also its life expectancy. Interestingly, there has been an increase in the number of reports describing successful attempts at detecting cancer cells in human tissues or fluids using trained (sniffer) dogs. The great odor detection threshold exhibited by dogs is not unheard of. However, this represented a potential opportunity to develop an affordable, accessible, and non-invasive method for detection of CC. METHODS: Using clicker training, a male beagle was trained to recognize CC odor. During training, fresh CC biopsies were used as a reference point. Other samples used included cervical smears on glass slides and medical surgical bandages used as intimate sanitary pads by CC patients. A double-blind procedure was exercised when testing the beagle's ability to discriminate CC from control samples. RESULTS: The beagle was proven able to detect CC-specific volatile organic compounds (VOC) contained in both fresh cervical smear samples and adsorbent material samples. Beagle's success rate at detecting and discriminating CC and non-CC odors, as indicated by specificity and sensitivity values recorded during the experiment, stood at an overall high (>90%). CC-related VOC in adsorbent materials were detectable after only eight hours of use by CC patients. CONCLUSION: Present data suggests different applications for VOC from the uterine cervix to be used in the detection and diagnosis of CC. Furthermore, data supports the use of trained dogs as a viable, affordable, non-invasive and, therefore, highly relevant alternative method for detection of CC lesions. Additional benefits of this method include its quick turnaround time and ease of use while remaining highly accurate and robust.
Subject(s)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Animals , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Dogs , Double-Blind Method , Early Detection of Cancer , Female , Humans , Male , Odorants , Sensitivity and Specificity , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolismABSTRACT
Los adenocarcinomas de la corteza suprarrenal son entidades clínicas muy poco comunes que alcanzan una frecuencia de 0.2 por ciento entre todas las neoplasias. Por lo regular, la mayoría de ellas son de tipo funcionante y tienen una presentación clínica que va a depender del exceso circulante de la hormona producida por cualquiera de las tres capas que componen la estructura cortical. Sin embargo, un mínimo porcentaje de estas neoplasias se consideran no funcionantes siendo, por su forma de presentación, todo un reto diagnóstico para el clínico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es informar el caso de un paciente masculino en la séptima década de la vida con pérdida de peso, masa suprarrenal derecha y otra en mesogastrio con determinación de 17 cetoesteroides, cortisol plasmático y ácido vainillilmandélico normales y en quien la necropsia mostró adenocarcinoma de corteza suprarrenal. Se realiza revisión de la literatura enfocada al diagnóstico y tratamiento
