ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Facial analysis is the first step in the evaluation of patients with orthodontic, cosmetic, or reconstructive procedures of the face, and one of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It is a well-established fact that human faces differ from one another on the basis of race and ethnicity. The study will provide the aesthetic guidelines to assess the facial discrepancy in Bengali children to develop a proper treatment plan. AIMS: To find out the mean values for selective linear measurements on the facial soft tissue of Bengali children, to demonstrate gender differences in the measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done on 250 Bengali children of 6-14 years age, by measuring certain identified facial landmarks using a digital caliper. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Analytical statistical method with the help of student's t-test was used to determine mean values, standard deviation, and gender differences in the measurements using SPSS version 11.0. RESULTS: In 6-8 years age group, male's average inter-endocanthion distance was significantly higher than that of females (P < 0.05), whereas in 12-14 years age group, the same parameter for females was significantly higher than that of males (P < 0.001). In 9-11 years age group, the average distance of exocanthion to exocanthion was higher for males compared to females, but the difference was not significant at 5% level (P > 0.05), though for 87% of cases, it was significant (P = 0.13). Total facial height for male subject was significantly high compared to that of females (P < 0.001) in 12-14 years age group. CONCLUSIONS: The study will provide the aesthetic guidelines to assess the facial discrepancy in Bengali children and provide a proper treatment plan through a simple and economically reasonable soft tissue analysis method.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recanalization and angiographic reperfusion are key elements to successful endovascular and interventional acute ischemic stroke (AIS) therapy. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), the only established revascularization therapy approved by the US Food & Drug Administration for AIS, may be less effective for large artery occlusion. Thus, there is enthusiasm for endovascular revascularization therapies, which likely provide higher recanalization rates, and trials are ongoing to determine clinical efficacy and compare various methods. It is anticipated that clinical efficacy will be well correlated with revascularization of viable tissue in a timely manner. METHOD: Reporting, interpretation, and comparison of the various revascularization grading methods require agreement on measurement criteria, reproducibility, ease of use, and correlation with clinical outcome. These parameters were reviewed by performing a Medline literature search from 1965 to 2011. This review critically evaluates current revascularization grading systems. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The most commonly used revascularization grading methods in AIS interventional therapy trials are the thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia (TICI, pronounced "tissy") and thrombolysis in myocardial ischemia (TIMI) scores. Until further technical and imaging advances can incorporate real-time reliable perfusion studies in the angio-suite to delineate regional perfusion more accurately, the TICI grading system is the best defined and most widely used scheme. Other grading systems may be used for research and correlation purposes. A new scale that combines primary site occlusion, lesion location, and perfusion should be explored in the future.
