Psychosocial Effect of Brace Treatment in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Study Using EQ-5D.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate psychosocial effect of brace treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using EuroQoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) depression and anxiety category. BACKGROUND: AIS is a structural abnormality of the spine often affecting patients during the puberty, a critical period of developing psychosocial problems. Many questionnaires had been adapted to evaluate mental health and health-related quality of life of AIS patients. However, these questionnaires are often time consuming and difficult to obtain. Therefore, a simpler substitute-EQ-5D-was evaluated. METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective cohort analysis of adult idiopathic scoliosis patients aged between 8 and 19, visiting outpatient's clinic. Beck's depression inventory, EQ-5D and EuroQoL visual assessment scale, and Objectified Body Consciousness Scale for Youth were compared between brace group and non-brace group of AIS patients. Furthermore, difference between male and female were evaluated within brace group. RESULTS: None of the questionnaire showed significant difference between brace and non-brace group. However, when male and female patients were compared within brace group, female patients were significantly more susceptible to depression and anxiety based on EQ-5D and body consciousness. Furthermore, depression and anxiety according to both BDI and EQ-5D were significantly correlated to health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION: During brace treatment of female AIS patients, psychosocial status played a significant role in health-related quality of life. EQ-5D is a simple way to monitor the mental health status.

Preliminary Characterization of Glass/Alumina Composite Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) Additive Manufacturing.

Powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) is currently used to produce high-efficiency, high-density, and high-performance products for a variety of applications. However, existing AM methods are applicable only to metal materials and not to high-melting-point ceramics. Here, we develop a composite material for PBF AM by adding Al2O3 to a glass material using laser melting. Al2O3 and a black pigment are added to a synthesized glass frit for improving the composite strength and increased laser-light absorption, respectively. Our sample analysis shows that the glass melts to form a composite when the mixture is laser-irradiated. To improve the sintering density, we heat-treat the sample at 750 °C to synthesize a high-density glass frit composite. As per our X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to confirm the reactivity of the glass frit and Al2O3, we find that no reactions occur between glass and crystalline Al2O3. Moreover, we obtain a high sample density of ≥95% of the theoretical density. We also evaluate the composite's mechanical properties as a function of the Al2O3 content. Our approach facilitates the manufacturing of ceramic 3D structures using glass materials through PBF AM and affords the benefits of reduced process cost, improved performance, newer functionalities, and increased value addition.

Moderating Effects of Prevention-Focus on the Paths from Two Insecure Attachment Dimensions to Depression.

The present study investigated the moderating effects of prevention-focus on the paths from the dimensions of insecure attachment (attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety) to depression. Two hundred twenty eight Korean college students completed the Experience in Close Relationship - Revised Scale; the Regulatory Focus Strategies Scale; and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results revealed a significant moderating effect for prevention-focus on the path from attachment avoidance to depression, but not on the path from attachment anxiety to depression. They further suggest that different interventions are needed for different combinations of persons' insecure attachment dimensions and levels of prevention-focus. Counseling implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Validity of the Breakup Strategies Questionnaire in Korea: Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling and Rasch's Modeling.

This study examines the validity of the Korean implementation of the Breakup Strategies Questionnaire. In Study 1, the construct validity of the Breakup Strategies Questionnaire was explored with 292 Korean undergraduate students. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling and Rasch's Modeling suggest 30 items with four factors (Avoidance/withdrawal, Positive tone/self-blame, Open confrontation, and Indirect manipulation) and five points in response. Study 2 with 174 Korean undergraduate students suggested potential gender differences in breakup strategy dimensions and provided support for concurrent validity with a measure of personal styles of coping as well as discriminant validity with social desirability. Cultural implications for the use of breakup strategies are discussed.