[An evaluation of the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid derivatives on humoral and cellular immunities]. / Otsenka vliianiia proizvodnykh 2,4-dikhlorfenoksiuksusnoi kisloty na gumoral'noe i kletochnoe zveno immuniteta.

A single oral administration of phenoxy herbicides, viz. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), amino salt, sodium salt, diethylene glycol, iso-octyl and octyl ethers in a dose of LD16, was found to produce a pronounced suppressive effect on humoral immunity on day 5. The 2,4-D derivatives under study, administered in the same dose, stimulated the manifestations of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells. The effect of the inhibition of antibody formation to thymus-dependent antigen ranged in the order of the increase in the toxicity of substances: amino salt, diethylene glycol ether, 2,4-D, sodium salt, iso-octyl and octyl ethers. On the contrary, the intensity of delayed-type hypersensitivity was more pronounced with regard to substances having greater toxicity.

[The effect of the amine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the cluster- and colony-forming capacity of the bone marrow and on the mononuclear phagocyte system]. / Vliianie aminnoi soli 2,4-dikhlorfenoksiuksusnoi kisloty na klaster- i kolonieobrazuiushchuiu sposobnost' kostnogo mozga i sistemu mononuklearnykh fagotsitov.

In experiments on 124 noninbred white rats weighing 180-200 g the influence of the intragastric administration of amino of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in doses of 2.0 and 20 mg/kg daily on the characteristics of their mononuclear phagocyte system was studied. The study revealed a decrease in the number of monocytic precursors in the marrow, an increase in their capacity for colony formation, the inhibited cell function on the periphery of the system simultaneously with the enhancement of oxidizing processes. The metabolic activation of cells was accompanied by their functional insufficiency, which led to the activation of monocytopoiesis and the increased migration of monocytes to peripheral blood.

[Reactogenic properties of a DTP vaccine with a reduced antigen dosage]. / Reaktogennye svoistva AKDS-vaktsiny so snizhennoi antigennoi nagruzkoi.

The reactogenic properties of batches of adsorbed DPT vaccine with the normal content of antigens and with the content of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids reduced, respectively, to 10 Lf and 5 BU per immunization dose have been studied under the conditions of a controlled epidemiological trial. The reduced antigenic content of adsorbed DPT vaccine decreased the number of vaccinal reactions 1.8 times, as well as the intensity of their manifestations.

[Immune response to various antigenic preparations of Bordetella pertussis in whooping cough patients and convalescents studied by immunoenzyme analysis]. / Izuchenie immunnogo otveta na razlichnye antigennye preparaty kokliushnogo mikroba u bol'nykh kokliushem i rekonvalestsentov s pomoshch'iu immunofermentnogo analiza.

The content of antibodies to B. pertussis disintegrated cells, protein fraction and lipopolysaccharide in the blood of patients and convalescents has been studied. The study has revealed that in the blood sera of whooping cough patients the titers of antibodies to lipopolysaccharide considerably exceed the titers of antibodies to other antigenic fractions. The titers of IgM to lipopolysaccharide have been shown to exceed the titers of IgM to other fractions 1.5-2 times.

[Comparative immunologic effectiveness of variants of the DTP vaccine]. / Sravnitel'naia immunologicheskaia éffektivnost' variantov AKDS-vaktsiny.

The immunological effectiveness of two batches of adsorbed DPT vaccine, the batch with the normal content of antigens (control) and the batch with the content of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids reduced to 20 Lf/ml and 5 BU/ml respectively (test batch), has been studied under the conditions of controlled trial. As a result, the reduction of the antigenic content of adsorbed DPT vaccine has been found to exert no negative influence on the immunological effectiveness of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis components of this preparation under the conditions of the new immunization schedule.

[Antipertussis immunity studied by immunoenzyme analysis]. / Izuchenie protivokokliushnogo immuniteta s pomoshch'iu immunofermentnogo analiza.

The levels of antibodies to disintegrated Bordetella pertussis and its individual fractions (protein and polysaccharide) in children immunized with different batches of adsorbed DPT vaccine have been determined with the use of EIA techniques. The background level of antibodies in the control groups has been determined, and in immunized children the levels of antibodies to disintegrated B. pertussis and its protein fraction have been shown to considerably exceed the levels of antibodies to lipopolysaccharide.

[Limited controlled trial of the reactogenic properties of ADTP vaccines containing stab cultures as the pertussis component]. / Izuchenie v usloviiakh ogranichennogo kontroliruemogo opyta reaktogennykh svoistv AKDS-vaktsin, soderzhashchikh v kachestve kokliushnogo komponenta glubinnye kul'tury.

The reactogenic properties of adsorbed DPT vaccine containing Bordetella pertussis cultures, grown by submerged cultivation, as the pertussis component were studied. The study revealed that the vaccine was low-reactogenic: no severe postvaccinal reactions were recorded in immunized children. The frequency and intensity of febrile and local reactions in children immunized with adsorbed DPT vaccine under trial and the commercial preparation commonly used in the USSR were identical, but considerably less pronounced than in children immunized with foreign vaccines having similar composition.

[Antigenic similarity of the pertussis component of adsorbed DTP vaccine to human erythrocytes]. / Antigennaia obshchost' kokliushnogo komponenta AKDS-vaktsiny s éritrotsitami cheloveka.

The similarity of the heterogeneous antigens, types A and B, of human red blood cells to the most of B. pertussis strains constituting the pertussis component of commercial batches of adsorbed DPT vaccine has been established. This property makes the vaccine strains different from B. pertussis isolated from pertussis patients. One of the reasons of the insufficient effectiveness of immunization against pertussis has been determined: the intensity of immune response depends on the antigenic heterogeneity of the pertussis component of the vaccine and the AB0 group factors in the blood of the vaccinees. For the first time the accumulation of immune alpha- and beta-isoagglutinins in the blood of persons immunized with absorbed DPT vaccine has been established. This accumulation shows the medium degree of direct correlation with the manifestations of the clinical reaction to the injection of the vaccine. The data obtained in this study indicate the necessity to revise the existing method of obtaining the pertussis component of adsorbed DPT vaccine on solid culture media with human red blood cells added and to develop the technique of the additional purification of this component from heterogeneous antigens.

[Effect of duration of the intervals between immunization with DPT vaccine on the serological indices in children]. / Vliianie prodolzhitel'nosti intervalov mezhdu privivkami AKDS-vaktsiny na serologischeskie pokazateli u detei.

The influence of the interval between injections of adsorbed DPT vaccine on the effectiveness of immunization has been studied. The intensity of antibody formation to the pertussis component has been found to decrease 2.7-3.7 times if the interval between the injections constituting the course of primary immunization is prolonged for more than 6 months. The interval between the course of primary immunization and the first booster injection, which lasts 1.5-2 years in accordance with the currently accepted immunization schedule, is unreasonably long. Immunological characteristics in respect to pertussis have been found to decrease 8-45 times as early as 16 months after the first booster injection. Most of the vaccines catching pertussis at that time had the moderately severe form of this infection.

[Results of a study of the reactogenicity and epidemiological effectiveness of a 2d revaccination against whooping cough]. / Rezul'taty izucheniia reaktogennosti i épidemiologicheskoi éffektivnosti II revaktsinatsii protiv kokliusha.

The reactogenicity and epidemiological effectiveness of the second revaccination against pertussis were studied in conformity with all the conditions of a controlled epidemiological trial. The character of the distribution of local and fever reactions in children aged 6 years after the second revaccination with adsorbed DTP vaccine suggests the presence of high sensitivity to the pertussis component of absorbed DTP vaccine in children of this age group. The results obtained from the study of epidemiological effectiveness (in 15,621 children) indicated that the second revaccination of children aged 6 years (at an interval of 3 or more years after the first revaccination) was not advisable as it did not influence noticeably the pertussis incidence.

[Immunologic transformation against pertussis in children following a second revaccination with ADPT-vaccine]. / Osobennosti immunologicheskoi perestroiki protiv kokliusha u detei posle vtoroi revaktsinatsii AKDS-vaktsinoi

Immunological reconstruction was studied in children aged 6 years after the second revaccination with absorbed, pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine (APDT) in a strictly controlled trial. Antipertussis protective antibodies were determined in the sera in the passive hemagglutination test and the antigen neutralization test, whose results were characterized by the following regularities: the average (1:160--1:640) and the high (1:1280 and over) antibody titres were recorded 1 to 1.5 months after the vaccination in 46.9--48.9% of the persons vaccinated. Determination of the changes of the immunoglobulins A, M, and G at various periods after the second revaccination demonstrated that 1 to 1.5 months after the revaccination (that is at the peak of the antipertussis antibodies formation) 55.7--50.0% of the children displayed an elevation of the IgA and IgM against the background of the IgG reduction in 69.7% of cases.