Comparison of Transconjunctival versus Subtarsal Approach in Orbital Reconstruction with Respect to Post-Operative Complications and Aesthetic Outcome - A Systematic Review.

Background: Limited evidence exists regarding the optimal surgical approach for orbital floor reconstruction, resulting in uncertainty regarding the choice of approach with the best aesthetic outcomes and lowest post-operative complications. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to compare the transconjunctival and subtarsal approaches (STA) in orbital reconstruction in terms of post-operative complications and aesthetic outcomes. Data Sources: The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases were searched from January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2021. Study Eligibility Criteria: Eligible studies included clinical studies comparing the transconjunctival and STA approaches in orbital reconstruction. The outcome variables assessed were aesthetic scar, hyperaesthesia, entropion, ectropion, enophthalmos, epiphora and other complications. A total of 346 articles were initially identified, and after evaluation using Mendeley software, 292 articles were reviewed. Finally, five articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. Study Appraisal and Results: The transconjunctival approach demonstrated superior aesthetic outcomes compared to the STA approach. However, the STA approach had a lower incidence of post-operative complications, including hyperaesthesia, entropion, ectropion, enophthalmos and epiphora. Limitations: The main limitation of this systematic review is the limited availability of literature directly comparing these two approaches, which precluded the inclusion of randomised controlled trials. Furthermore, the search strategy was restricted to specific databases, namely PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Collaboration Library.

Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detecting Tumor Depth of Invasion in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The objective of the study was to detect the accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in assessing tumor depth of invasion (DOI) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue. Material and Methods: The electronic search of PubMed (including MEDLINE), COCHRANE CENTRAL and Google Scholar search engine for articles published from January 1, 2000, to September 31, 2021, was conducted and also searched the lists of references of relevant articles and reviews for studies involving patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Results: A total of 5362 articles were retrieved in the initial search. After the initial search process, 13 full-text articles were reviewed. Out of these 13 articles, seven met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in this systematic review. Conclusion: The MRI-determined DOI based on T1-weighted sequences increases with increasing T stage. There is the highest correlation between the MRI-derived DOI and the histopathological DOI with increasing T stage. Therefore, MRI provides satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for measuring tumor DOI and, thus, may be considered a predictor of tumor stage.

Effectiveness of Dermis Fat Graft Versus Temporalis Myofascial Flap for Interposition in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is a disabling condition which affects joint movements causing difficulty in speech, mastication and hygiene. Over time various interposition materials like meniscus, muscle, fascia, skin, cartilage, fat, dura and alloplastic materials have been used for the treatment of ankylosis and improve joint functions. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of dermis fat graft and temporalis myofascial flap as an interpositional material in treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and to compare the effectiveness of the two materials. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Google scholar, and Cochrane library search in combination with hand search of relevant journals were conducted published in English from January 2000 to August 2021. Randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies were included. Outcome measure included improvement in mouth opening. Risk of bias assessment was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: A total of 144 articles were found from the primary search which on thorough assessment, duplicate and exclusion removal resulted in 9 cohort studies and 1 randomized controlled trial that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All the studies included reported significant improvement in mouth opening after interposition of the 2 materials. Four studies compared temporalis myofascial flap with dermis fat graft, 2 studies reported dermis fat graft gives better outcomes, whereas 1 study reported temporalis myofascial flap to be better and 1 study has been inconclusive. Conclusion: Definitive conclusions cannot be drawn as there are number of limitations in the studies included. However a general consensus has been toward dermis fat graft owing to fewer complications. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12663-023-01869-9.

To evaluate the Efficacy of Buprenorphine and 2% lignocaine with adrenaline as postoperative analgesia following mandibular third molar surgery: A Comparative Study.

Introduction: Opioid analgesics have an advantage over nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in that they do not cause direct organ damage. Buprenorphine has an antinociceptive potency approximately 25-50 times greater than that of morphine. Hence, in this study, buprenorphine was added to local anaesthesia in relieving postoperative pain after lower third molar surgery when given as inferior alveolar nerve block. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of buprenorphine in managing postoperative pain after lower third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients requiring lower third molar surgery were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received buprenorphine added to 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline and Group B received 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline. Parameters assessed were onset of anaesthesia, depth of anaesthesia, intraoperative monitoring of adverse effects, duration of analgesia, and number of analgesics consumed. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 21. The data were compared using Student's t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: There was a significant difference in onset of anaesthesia between Group A and Group B (P < 0.05). Depth of anaesthesia and duration of analgesia were greater in Group A (56 h 36 min) than Group B (3 h 24 min). Analgesics consumed by Group A (0.9) were significantly less compared to Group B (9.2) and it was highly significant (P = 0.000). Discussion: Buprenorphine when added to local anaesthesia can prolong postoperative analgesia with minimum or no side effects. Hence, buprenorphine can be safely used for lower third molar surgery.

Comprehensive research synopsis and systematic meta-analyses in Parkinson's disease genetics: The PDGene database.

More than 800 published genetic association studies have implicated dozens of potential risk loci in Parkinson's disease (PD). To facilitate the interpretation of these findings, we have created a dedicated online resource, PDGene, that comprehensively collects and meta-analyzes all published studies in the field. A systematic literature screen of -27,000 articles yielded 828 eligible articles from which relevant data were extracted. In addition, individual-level data from three publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were obtained and subjected to genotype imputation and analysis. Overall, we performed meta-analyses on more than seven million polymorphisms originating either from GWAS datasets and/or from smaller scale PD association studies. Meta-analyses on 147 SNPs were supplemented by unpublished GWAS data from up to 16,452 PD cases and 48,810 controls. Eleven loci showed genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10(-8)) association with disease risk: BST1, CCDC62/HIP1R, DGKQ/GAK, GBA, LRRK2, MAPT, MCCC1/LAMP3, PARK16, SNCA, STK39, and SYT11/RAB25. In addition, we identified novel evidence for genome-wide significant association with a polymorphism in ITGA8 (rs7077361, OR 0.88, P  =  1.3 × 10(-8)). All meta-analysis results are freely available on a dedicated online database (www.pdgene.org), which is cross-linked with a customized track on the UCSC Genome Browser. Our study provides an exhaustive and up-to-date summary of the status of PD genetics research that can be readily scaled to include the results of future large-scale genetics projects, including next-generation sequencing studies.

The COPD genetic association compendium: a comprehensive online database of COPD genetic associations.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD is thought to arise from the interaction of environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility, and major research efforts are underway to identify genetic determinants of COPD susceptibility. With the exception of SERPINA1, genetic associations with COPD identified by candidate gene studies have been inconsistently replicated, and this literature is difficult to interpret. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all population-based, case-control candidate gene COPD studies indexed in PubMed before 16 July 2008. We stored our findings in an online database, which serves as an up-to-date compendium of COPD genetic associations and cumulative meta-analysis estimates. On the basis of our systematic review, the vast majority of COPD candidate gene era studies are underpowered to detect genetic effect odds ratios of 1.2-1.5. We identified 27 genetic variants with adequate data for quantitative meta-analysis. Of these variants, four were significantly associated with COPD susceptibility in random effects meta-analysis, the GSTM1 null variant (OR 1.45, CI 1.09-1.92), rs1800470 in TGFB1 (0.73, CI 0.64-0.83), rs1800629 in TNF (OR 1.19, CI 1.01-1.40) and rs1799896 in SOD3 (OR 1.97, CI 1.24-3.13). In summary, most COPD candidate gene era studies are underpowered to detect moderate-sized genetic effects. Quantitative meta-analysis identified four variants in GSTM1, TGFB1, TNF and SOD3 that show statistically significant evidence of association with COPD susceptibility.

Systematic meta-analyses and field synopsis of genetic association studies in schizophrenia: the SzGene database.

In an effort to pinpoint potential genetic risk factors for schizophrenia, research groups worldwide have published over 1,000 genetic association studies with largely inconsistent results. To facilitate the interpretation of these findings, we have created a regularly updated online database of all published genetic association studies for schizophrenia ('SzGene'). For all polymorphisms having genotype data available in at least four independent case-control samples, we systematically carried out random-effects meta-analyses using allelic contrasts. Across 118 meta-analyses, a total of 24 genetic variants in 16 different genes (APOE, COMT, DAO, DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, DTNBP1, GABRB2, GRIN2B, HP, IL1B, MTHFR, PLXNA2, SLC6A4, TP53 and TPH1) showed nominally significant effects with average summary odds ratios of approximately 1.23. Seven of these variants had not been previously meta-analyzed. According to recently proposed criteria for the assessment of cumulative evidence in genetic association studies, four of the significant results can be characterized as showing 'strong' epidemiological credibility. Our project represents the first comprehensive online resource for systematically synthesized and graded evidence of genetic association studies in schizophrenia. As such, it could serve as a model for field synopses of genetic associations in other common and genetically complex disorders.