ABSTRACT
Urinary schistosomiasis is a tropical infection with a high endemicity in the developing countries and is included in the list of "Neglected Tropical Diseases". It is caused by a parasitic worm, Schistosoma haematobium, and it has come into the spotlight as a major cause of urogenital disease. Furthermore, it is linked to bladder cancer and it is a predisposing factor for HIV/AIDS. In this case, we describe a bladder schistosomal disease in a young African boy with persistent macroscopic hematuria and its ultrasound diagnostic bladder imaging.
Subject(s)
Schistosomiasis haematobia/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Urinary Bladder Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Urinary Bladder/diagnostic imaging , Animals , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Early Diagnosis , Humans , Male , Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosomiasis haematobia/drug therapy , Schistosomiasis haematobia/urine , Urinary Bladder/parasitology , Urinary Bladder Diseases/drug therapy , Urinary Bladder Diseases/parasitology , Urinary Bladder Diseases/urineABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the in vitro incubation of spermatozoa with myoinositol may improve the fertilization rate in ICSI cycles. METHODS: This is a prospective, bicentric, randomized study on 500 MII sibling oocytes injected in 78 ICSI cycles performed between March and October 2013. Randomization of the oocytes into two groups was performed at the time of the denudation. Fertilization rates (per oocyte injected with spermatozoa treated with myoinositol versus per oocyte injected with spermatozoa treated with placebo) were measured as primary outcome and embryo morphology as secondary outcome. Clinical outcomes were also documented. RESULT (S): Fertilization rate (78.9 ± 28.6% vs 63.2 ± 36.7, P = 0.002) and percentage of grade A embryos on day 3 (59.8 ± 35.6% vs 43.5 ± 41.5, P = 0.019) were significantly higher when spermatozoa were treated in vitro with myoinositol versus placebo. No differences were found for the expanded blastocyst formation rate. CONCLUSION (S): In vitro treatment of spermatozoa with myoinositol may optimize ICSI outcomes by improving the fertilization rate and embryo quality on day 3. The improvement of the number and the quality of embryos available in an ICSI cycle may have clinical utility if these findings can be confirmed.
