ABSTRACT
Characterising people with disabilities at the population level using the ICF approach is a challenge, as it implies that researchers are able to identify variables that can account for the components that make up the multidimensional definition of disability. The purpose of this study is to generate updated information on disability in Uruguay, as there has been no in-depth analysis of how this population lives, how they access the services and benefits that affect their quality of life, and what the significant differences are between those who make up this population. A quantitative analysis was applied to the target population, consisting of participants in the Longitudinal Survey of Social Protection (2016) who reported at least one limitation in performing ADLs and who were in the age range of 18-64 years. Significant differences were found between the different groups in terms of their reported limitations in relation to obtaining necessary services due to their health condition, dropping out of education before completing the compulsory level, low labour market insertion, feelings of loneliness, and low participation. More research needs to be done as it is clear that people with disabilities do not have access to the support they need, which leads to even greater exclusion.
Subject(s)
Disabled Persons , Quality of Life , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Middle Aged , Public Policy , Uruguay , Young AdultABSTRACT
To answer the question about which e-health and e-therapy applications are being used with people with intellectual disabilities, we searched the PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. This is an extensive search. Inclusion criteria were academic journals and any design type that addressed the topic of interest. Studies that do not include adults or elderly, and studies that do not focus on people with disabilities but on third parties, were excluded. After an initial selection of 515 articles, 32 full-text articles were subjected to in-depth analysis leading to the final selection of 18 articles. We used the AAID framework definition of intellectual disability to analyze the dimensions explored by the selected studies and found that the majority of studies focused on the use of technology as supports to instrumental activities of daily life. The ISO classification of assistive products allowed us to identify that many e-health products are aimed at providing psychological or medical treatment. In summary, this review suggests that there is a very small number of studies focusing on the use of technology by older persons with intellectual disabilities. The studies present substantial limitations regarding generalization and replication and pay little attention to the maintenance of cognitive abilities in this population. These aspects, together with premature aging generally associated with many conditions that lead to intellectual disability, underscore the need to pay more attention to and develop e-health interventions for cognitive stimulation for this group.
ABSTRACT
En los últimos años se está viviendo un proceso de transformación muy importante en lo que refiere a los modelos y teorías en salud mental (DSM-5, CIE-11 y las propuestas del National Institute of Mental Health son claros ejemplos). Un componente central de dicho proceso es la incorporación de los aportes de las neurociencias a la salud mental, siendo el modelo psicobiológico de R.C. Cloninger un referente fundamental. Por ello, los investigadores y clínicos de nuestra región (América Latina) deben contar con instrumentos de evaluación adecuados a esta nueva realidad. El Inventario de Temperamento y Carácter revisado (TCI-R) es la escala desarrollada por Cloninger y su equipo para la evaluación de las Dimensiones de Personalidad que su teoría propone. El presente artículo presenta los resultados preliminares del proceso de adaptación de dicha escala a la población montevideana, siendo la primera adaptación realizada en la América del Sur castellano parlante.
Nos últimos anos vem acontecendo um processo de transformação muito importante nos modelos e teorias em saúde mental (DSM-5, ICD-11 e as propostas do National Institute of Mental Health são exemplos claros). Um componente central deste processo é a incorporação das contribuições das neurociências para a saúde mental, com o modelo psicobiológico de R.C. Cloninger como referente fundamental. Portanto, pesquisadores e clínicos em nossa região (América Latina) devem dispor de instrumentos de avaliação adequados a esta nova realidade. O Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter (TCI-R) é a escala desenvolvida por Cloninger e sua equipe para a avaliação das Dimensões da Personalidade que a sua teoria propõe. O presente artigo apresenta os resultados preliminares do processo de adaptação da escala para a população de Montevidéu, a primeira adaptação feita em língua espanhola na América do Sul.
In recent years important there have been important developments in the models and theories on mental health (the DSM-5, the CIE-11 and the proposals of the NIMH are good examples). A central feature in this process is the incorporation of the neuroscientific approach, with the psychobiological model of R. C. Cloninger and colleagues being a salient example. For this reason, Latin American researchers and professionals should have instruments adequate for this new paradigm at their disposal. The TCI-R is a scale developed by Cloninger and colleagues for the assessment of the personality dimensions he proposed. This paper presents the preliminary results of the adaptation process of this scale in a sample of Montevidean adults,and is the first in Spanish-speaking South America.
