ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: enduro is an off road motorcycling event. It is a fast, exciting adventure sport with increasing numbers of participants and competitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we performed search of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and Embase databases using the following keywords 'Enduro injuries', 'off-road motorcycle injuries' and 'Enduro sport'. We identified four studies which described the physiological characteristic of enduro riders and the injury pattern sustained by these athletes. RESULTS: hands, wrists and forearms are the predominant areas of overuse in enduro riders. The extremities are the most injured parts in enduro. However, 98% of these injuries are mild to moderate with abbreviated injury scale grades 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: there is paucity of published data on enduro injuries. In depth understanding of the physiological aspect of enduro riders with close monitoring of injuries is needed to promote safety measures in enduro and to reduce risk factors of injury which in turn can help to make enduro a safe alternative to the other dangerous motorcycling sports.
ABSTRACT
Many patients present to the emergency department complaining of a sore or stiff neck and lateral flexion of the neck with contralateral rotation. Under the pressure of the breaching time and busy shifts some of the patients are discharged to the care of their general practitioners without adequate investigations. While most of the cases are due to benign causes, torticollis can be due to many congenital and acquired pathologies, some of which may need further investigation and urgent management. Atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS), tumours of the base of the skull and infections are among these causes. Delayed diagnosis may lead to worsening neurology and complicate the management. We report a case of a 5-year-old girl who presented to our fracture clinic with a fractured clavicle and torticollis; her subsequent investigations confirmed the diagnosis of AAS. Our patient responded to non-operative treatment and improved with no neurological complications.
Subject(s)
Atlanto-Axial Joint , Clavicle/injuries , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Joint Dislocations/complications , Torticollis/etiology , Accidental Falls , Child, Preschool , Female , Fractures, Bone/therapy , Humans , Incidental Findings , Injury Severity Score , Joint Dislocations/diagnostic imaging , Joint Dislocations/rehabilitation , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Risk Assessment , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Torticollis/diagnosis , Torticollis/rehabilitation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
This paper reports a case of fatigue fracture of the femoral component in a cruciate-retaining cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A 64-year-old man had undergone a primary TKA for osteoarthritis 10 years previously at another institution using the PFC-Sigma prosthesis. The patient recovered fully and was back to his regular activities. He presented with a history of sudden onset pain and locking of the left knee since the preceding three months. There was no history of trauma, and the patient was mobilizing with difficulty using crutches. Radiographs revealed fracture of the posterior condyle of the femoral prosthesis. Revision surgery was performed as an elective procedure revealing the broken prosthesis. The TC3RP-PFC revision prosthesis was used with a medial parapatellar approach. The patient recovered fully without any squeal. Mechanical failure of the knee arthroplasty prosthesis is rare, and nontraumatic fracture of the femoral metallic component has not been reported before.
