[Pyromecaine--a new anti-arrhythmia preparation improving myocardial blood supply]. / Piromekain--novyi antiaritmicheskii preparat, uluchshaiushchii krovosnabzhenie miokarda.

Pyromecaine is a local anesthetic used for surface anesthesia. Its marked antiarrhythmic activity has been established in various models of experimental cardiac arrhythmia in doses of 0.1-2.5 mg/kg. Pyromecaine has a wide spectrum of antiarrhythmic action, exerts a favourable effect on the intracardiac and systemic hemodynamics, on the contractility of the left ventricle and on the myocardial blood flow following the ligation of the coronary artery. Other positive properties of pyromecaine include its anesthetic activity and a relatively low toxicity.

[Mechanisms of action of nonachlazine]. / O nekotorykh mekhanizmakh deistviia nonakhlazina.

In animals with a ligated anterior descending left coronary artery, a single administration of nonaclazine (5 mg/kg bw) leads to a marked increase in the coronary blood flow and to an improvement in cardiovascular system function. Administration of nonachlazin for 7 days helps normalize the electrophysiological and hemodynamic characteristics and produces a beneficial effect on the myocardial blood flow and contractility. Interaction of nonaclazine with adrenergic receptors does not appear to have any decisive significance in the drug action mode.

Myocardial contractility, haemodynamics, and metabolism in acute myocardial infarction. Experimental and clinical study.

In order to investigate the systemic and central haemodynamics, blood perfusion, and metabolism of the myocardium in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), experiments were carried out in 80 mongrel dogs with experimental AMI, induced by ligation of the descending branch of the left coronary artery, and 183 patients with transmural AMI were clinically followed-up. It was found that after coronary artery ligation the blood flow in the intact myocardial parts increased, whereas in the infarcted zone it decreased. These shifts persisted fairly long after the induction of AMI. Simultaneously the cardiac output markedly tended to decrease in all animals, and this tendency also persisted for the next two days. It was proved that the haemodynamic shifts in question were associated with a decrease in the myocardial biosynthesis of individual fractions of RNA after the coronary artery ligation. The clinical observations confirmed that AMI was accompanied by a decrease in myocardial contractility. The degree of the decrease was directly proportional to the infarct size. The dependence of the changes on the localization of AMI was less marked.