Role of various pharmacologic agents in alveolar bone regeneration: A review.

Alveolar bone and gingiva are components of the periodontium that house the tooth. It constantly adapts itself to the masticatory forces and position of the tooth. However, localized diseases like chronic periodontitis and certain systemic diseases destroy periodontal tissues, which include the alveolar bone. Various pharmacological agents are being explored for their pleiotropic properties to combat the destruction of alveolar bone. This review focuses on the role of pharmacological agents in alveolar bone regeneration.

GCF and serum levels of omentin in periodontal health and disease of diabetic and non-diabetic individuals: A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Omentin is an adipocytokine secreted by visceral adipose tissue cells associated with the action of insulin-increasing, insulin-facilitated glucose uptake. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the levels of omentin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of periodontally healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A hospital-based comparative study was conducted amongst 40 subjects of age group 30-50 years. METHODS: Subjects were divided into four groups, group I (10 healthy individuals), group II (10 T2DM), group III (10 CP only) and group IV (10 patients with CP and T2DM). Clinical and systemic parameters assessed were gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), periodontal attachment level (PAL) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Serum and GCF samples were collected and analysed for omentin levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Although the mean GCF omentin levels were highest in group I and lowest in group IV, it was not statistically significant. However, the serum omentin levels were statistically significant, showing the highest mean level in group I and lowest in group IV and serum levels were statistically significant. Also, the serum omentin levels had a negative correlation with HbA1c. CONCLUSION: The levels of omentin reflect the diabetic status of an individual, which suggests that omentin can be a potential anti-inflammatory marker and a therapeutic agent for conditions like CP and T2DM.

Efficacy of green tea-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and if appropriate a meta-analysis of the efficacy of daily rinsing with green tea-based mouthwashes in terms of plaque index (PI) and/or gingival index (GI) as compared to other mouthwashes in plaque-induced gingivitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, IndMed, Google Scholar, and major journals were searched for studies up to December 2016. A comprehensive search strategy was designed, and the eligible articles were independently screened for eligibility by two reviewers. Randomized controlled trials in which individuals were intervened with oral mouthwashes of interest were included. Where appropriate, a meta-analysis was performed and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for GI and PI were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 9 articles out of the 311 titles met the eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis was performed for five studies that compared green tea-based mouthwashes with chlorhexidine (CHX). The SMD for PI was -0.14 (95% CI: -1.70, 1.43; P = 0.86 and I2 = 94%), while that for GI was 0.43 ((95% CI: -0.63, 1.49; P = 0.43, I2 = 89%). Both these estimates suffered from significant heterogeneity. For both PI and GI, two studies were in favor of green tea while three studies were in favor of CHX. CONCLUSIONS: Green tea-based mouthwashes can be considered an alternative to CHX mouthwashes in sustaining oral hygiene, especially because of the added advantages provided by such herbal preparations.

Evaluation of efficacy of a novel resorbable collagen membrane for root coverage of Miller's Class I and Class II recession in the maxillary anteriors and premolars.

BACKGROUND: There are several surgical techniques in literature that have been used to perform root coverage (RC). Currently, the use of a resorbable collagen membrane (RCM) as a guided tissue regenerative material is one of the highly sought treatment modalities. The present study aimed at evaluating the clinical outcome of RC in the treatment of Miller's Class I and II recession defects in maxillary anteriors and premolars by coronally advanced flap (CAF) with and without RCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This split-mouth study (bilateral buccal recession defects) was randomized to include 15 test (CAF + membrane) and 15 control (CAF alone) sites. Clinical parameters included gingival recession depth (RD), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and keratinized tissue height (KTH) measured at baseline and 9 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Both test and control groups showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) reductions in RD (1.54 ± 0.46 mm and 1.60 ± 0.07 mm), PPD (0.53 ± 0.15 mm and 0.94 ± 0.10 mm), increase in KTH (0.67 ± 0.90 mm and 0.73 ± 0.14 mm) and CAL (1.94 ± 0.27 mm and 2.60 ± 0.19 mm) when comparing the 9-month data from baseline. The present study showed that mean improvement in RD was 1.60 ± 0.507 and 1.53 ± 0.64 mm in both test and control groups, respectively. Mean percent RC was 58.33% ±12.19% and 56.22% ±10.22% for test and control groups, respectively. However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups for RD, PPD, KTH, and CAL. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that both the groups CAF (control) and CAF and RCM (test) could be successfully used to treat Miller's Class I and II gingival recession defects and also demonstrated an overall significant improvement in all the assessed clinical parameters. However, there was a greater reduction of gingival RD with the use of RCM when compared with the group of CAF alone.