The determinants of maternal perception of antenatal care services during the COVID-19 pandemic critical phase: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted devastating effects on healthcare delivery systems, specifically those for pregnant women. The aim of this review was to determine the maternal perception of antenatal health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic critical phase. METHODS: Scopus, Web of Science, SAGE, and Ovid were systematically searched using the keywords "maternal", "COVID-19 pandemic", "maternal health service", and "maternal perception". Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were original articles, written in English, and published between January 1, 2020, and December 12, 2022. This review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eligible articles were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis was used for data synthesis. RESULTS: Of 2683 articles identified, 13 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. Five themes emerged regarding the determinants of maternal perception of antenatal healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic critical phase: lack of psychosocial support, poor maternal healthcare quality, poor opinion of virtual consultation, health structure adaptation failure to meet women's needs, and satisfaction with maternal health services. CONCLUSION: Maternal perception, specifically pregnant women's psychosocial and maternal health needs, should be focused on the continuation of maternal care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is critical to identify the maternal perception of maternal health services during the pandemic to ensure health service equity in the "new normal" future.

Issues and Challenges in the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is possible in at-risk populations, and prevention programmes have been shown to be effective in real-world scenarios. Despite this evidence, diabetes prevalence has tripled in recent decades and is expected to reach 700 million patients by 2045, making it one of the leading causes of death globally. This review is aimed at identifying the issues and challenges in the primary prevention of T2DM. METHODS: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE were systematically searched for published articles. Articles were screened based of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were: (1) published in 2010-2020, (2) full original article, (3) written in English, (4) qualitative, mixed-methods article, observational or interventional study. The exclusion criteria were: (1) animal study, (2) in vivo/in vitro study, (3) type 1 diabetes or gestational DM and (4) conference abstract, book chapter, report, and systematic review. Eligible articles were assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) by three assessors. RESULTS: A total of 11 articles were selected for qualitative synthesis from the initial 620 articles. The issues and challenges seen in T2DM primary prevention followed three themes: healthcare program (sub-themes: lack of resources, community partnership, participation, health literacy), health provider (sub-themes: lack of implementation, health care staff, collaboration, availability), individual (sub-themes: awareness, communication, misbehaviour, family conflict). CONCLUSION: Factors relating to healthcare programmes, health providers, and individual issues are the main challenges in T2DM primary prevention. By establishing sustainable preventative initiatives that address these issues and challenges in the primary prevention of T2DM, a reduction in T2DM prevalence could be achievable.

Behavioral Impact on Clinical Specialist Payment Method: A Systematic Review.

Background: With growing healthcare (HC) expenditures and limited funding, policymakers need to find new ways to provide healthcare that is affordable and fair. There are many methods for paying specialists, and the three basic payment methods include fee-for-service (FFS), capitation, and salary. This review focuses on identifying published articles related to the different methods used for paying specialists for their service and further highlights their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: The research was designed and carried out in line with the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis" (PRISMA) checklist. Five databases were used in the literature search ie: Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, EBSCOhost, and PubMed in 2020. The search term used revolved around physician, payment method and specialist behavior. Results: Databases were searched electronically using EndNote X9.2, wherein 588 related studies of literature were included. Meanwhile, it went down to 546 related studies after the title and abstract screening was conducted in order to eliminate duplicates. In total, 24 studies were then left to be reviewed in full text; finally, 12 studies were integrated into this analysis after a description of the entire text of the studies. Conclusion: Payment methods can affect physician practice behaviors and the quality of healthcare. The combination of payment methods may, however, combine the benefits of simple payment methods. Where there is not adequate mixing of methods, bonus-for-performance programs may encourage the provision of targeted services. Thus, before a new medical policy is implemented, policymakers must define and empirically examine the positive and negative impacts.