ABSTRACT
Self-assembled DNA nanostructures hold great promise in biosensing, drug delivery and nanomedicine. Nevertheless, challenges like instability and inefficiency in cellular uptake of DNA nanostructures under physiological conditions limit their practical use. To tackle these obstacles, this study proposes a novel approach that integrates the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) with DNA self-assembly. The hypothesis is that the positively charged linear PEI can facilitate the self-assembly of DNA nanostructures, safeguard them against harsh conditions and impart them with the cellular penetration characteristic of PEI. As a demonstration, a DNA nanotube (PNT) was successfully synthesized through PEI mediation, and it exhibited significantly enhanced stability and cellular uptake efficiency compared to conventional Mg2+-assembled DNA nanotubes. The internalization mechanism was further found to be both clathrin-mediated and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, influenced by both PEI and DNA. To showcase the applicability of this hybrid nanostructure for biomedical settings, the KRAS siRNA-loaded PNT was efficiently delivered into lung adenocarcinoma cells, leading to excellent anticancer effects in vitro. These findings suggest that the PEI-mediated DNA assembly could become a valuable tool for future biomedical applications.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma of Lung , DNA , Lung Neoplasms , Nanotubes , Polyethyleneimine , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) , RNA, Small Interfering , Polyethyleneimine/chemistry , Humans , Nanotubes/chemistry , RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry , RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism , DNA/chemistry , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/drug therapy , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology , A549 Cells , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Particle Size , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Drug Carriers/chemistryABSTRACT
A facile method for synthesizing Au nanoparticle-coated Fe3O4 magnetic composite nanospheres (Fe3O4@Au MCS) via seed-mediated growth and iterative reduction is reported. The nanospheres were then successfully used to detect malachite green (MG) residues in water bodies via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. Fe3O4@Au MCS has excellent optical properties and superparamagnetism; it can be dispersed into the solution to fully adsorb target molecules and then collected with a magnet to increase the molecular density and the number of SERS hot spots. Magnetic enrichment was superior to conventional detection method. The limit of detection for MG was 10-7â¯M and the enhancement factor was 1.1â¯×â¯105. The logarithm of the SERS intensity of the characteristic peak at 1618â¯cm-1 exhibited a linear relationship with the logarithm of the MG concentration over the range of 10-3-â¯10-7â¯M, with a correlation coefficient of 0.966. The Fe3O4@Au MCS had good uniformity of SERS signals, with a 18.59% relative standard deviation for the SERS intensity. MG detection in aquaculture water conformed with the established quantitative regulations. The SERS spectrum calculated with density function theory for MG adsorbed on Fe3O4@Au MCS was very close to the experimental spectrum, which verified enhancement by the substrate. Overall, Fe3O4@Au MCS enabled ultrasensitive, quantitative SERS detection of MG.
