ABSTRACT
Gene knockout is a technique routinely used in basic experimental research, particularly in mouse skeletal and developmental studies. Tamoxifen-induced Cre/loxp system is known for its temporal and spatial precision and commonly utilized by researchers. However, tamoxifen has been shown its side effects on affecting the phenotype of mouse bone directly. This review aimed to optimize tamoxifen administration regimens including its dosage and duration, to identify an optimal induction strategy that minimizes potential side effects while maintaining recombination efficacy. This study will help researchers in designing gene knockout experiments in bone when using tamoxifen.
Subject(s)
Integrases , Tamoxifen , Mice , Animals , Tamoxifen/pharmacology , Mice, Transgenic , Integrases/genetics , Gene Knockout TechniquesABSTRACT
It is well recognized that osteocytes communicate with each other via gap junctions and that connxin43 (Cx43) shows its great potential in gap junction for the contribution enabling transmission of small molecules and operating in an autocrine/a paracrine manner. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play significant roles in new bone formation and adult bone remodeling, and FGF signaling is regulated by the precise spatiotemporal approaches. However, the influence of FGF7 on osteocyte cell processes is not well elucidated. In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of FGF7 on osteocyte cell processes by characterizing the expression of Cx43 and to reveal the underlying mechanism regulating this cell process. We first found that the mRNA level of FGF7 was higher relative to other FGF family members both in osteocytes cell line (MLO-Y4) and bone tissue. We then demonstrated that FGF7 could increase the expression of Cx43 in osteocytes and promote the cell processes in the form of gap junctions between osteocytes. This modulation was due to the FGF7-induced cytoplasmic accumulation and resultant nuclear translocation of ß-catenin. Our results could help us to further understand the importance of FGF7 on bone cell behavior and bone physiology and even pathology.
Subject(s)
Connexin 43/analysis , Fibroblast Growth Factor 7/metabolism , Osteocytes/physiology , beta Catenin/metabolism , Animals , Cell Communication , Cells, Cultured , Connexin 43/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Mice, Inbred C57BL , RNA, Messenger/analysis , RNA, Messenger/geneticsABSTRACT
Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) is a rare type of odontogenic carcinoma that arises within the jaws. PIOSCC has no initial connection with oral mucosa and possibly develops from the residues of the odontogenic epithelium or from an odontogenic cyst or tumor. The diagnosis of PIOSCC can be difficult as it must be differentiated from other odontogenic carcinomas, such as malignant ameloblastoma, from SCCs arising from the overlying oral mucosa, from the primary tumors of the maxillary sinus or nasal mucosa, and from the tumors that have metastasized to the jaws from other primary sites. The present study reported a rare case of a 59-year-old male patient with a course of keratocystic odontogenic tumor for 25 years, between 1988 and 2013, which eventually transformed into PIOSCC after at least five recurrences and corresponding treatments. The mandible excision and titanium plate reconstruction was performed. Follow-up examinations have revealed no sign of recurrence thus far. The present study discussed this case from three aspects of clinical history, radiological examination and pathological features.
