UHPLC-QTOF-MS-based untargeted metabolomics and mineral element analysis insight into the geographical differences of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. "Hangbaiju" from different origins.

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. "Hangbaiju" (HBJ), known as one of the "eight flavors of Zhejiang", is commonly used as a classical tea material for both food and medicine over three thousand years in China. The quality of HBJ is closely related to its geographical origins. However, the mechanism underlying the geographical differences of HBJ remains to be elucidated. In this study, an untargeted metabolomic strategy based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS was established to discover the differential metabolites in HBJ samples from four different origins and explore the possible relationship with mineral elements in planting soils by chemometric analysis. Eight compounds were screened and identified as the key differential metabolites in HBJ samples from different origins. Among them, four important pharmacodynamic compounds including L-arginine, rutin, chlorogenic acid and apigenin-7-O-glucoside are the most abundant in HBJ samples from Tongxiang region, which suggests that HBJ planted in Tongxiang has higher medicinal values. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the contents of soil mineral elements are positively correlated with those of chlorogenic acid, rutin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside in HBJ samples. Furthermore, an interrelationship model based on random forest algorithm was established to successfully predict the contents of differential metabolites in HBJ samples by soil mineral elements. All these results indicated that the contents of differential metabolites in HBJ samples seemed to be affected by soil mineral elements and therefore resulted in the geographical differences of HBJ.

A novel simultaneous quantitative method for differential volatile components in herbs based on combined near-infrared and mid-infrared spectroscopy.

A novel method based on GC-MS, near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was established to simultaneously analyze differential volatile components (DVCs) of herb samples. Herein, Florists Chrysanthemum was adopted as the representative sample. Through the introduction of Automatic data analysis workflow (AntDAS) and one-class partial least squares discriminant analysis (O-PLSDA) model, five kinds of terpenes and five kinds of alcohols were efficiently screened as DVCs. By using the selected NIR-MIR spectra sections combined with O-PLSDA, it could achieve the accurate identification of Florists Chrysanthemum from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. What's more, since the selected spectra sections were closely related to the structural and content of DVCs, they could be further used for simultaneous quantitative analysis of DVCs combined with optimized variable-weighted least-squares support vector machine based on particle swarm optimization (PSO-VWLS-SVM). This method only adopted the same NIR-MIR sections for multiple component accurate quantification, highlighting its convenience.

Fast and non-destructive discriminating the geographical origin of Hangbaiju by hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics.

Hangbaiju is highly appreciated flower tea for its health benefits, and its quality and price are affected by geographical origin. Fast and accurate identification of the geographical origin of Hangbaiju is very significant for producers, consumers and market regulators. In this work, hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics, was used, for the first time, to explore and implement the geographical origin classification of Hangbaiju. The hyperspectral images in the spectral range of 410-2500 nm for 75 samples of five different origins were collected. As a versatile chemometrics tool, bagging classification tree-radial basis function (BAGCT-RBFN), compared with classification tree (CT), radial basis function network (RBFN), was applied to discriminate Hangbaiju samples from different origins. The results showed that BAGCT-RBFN based on optimal wavelengths yielded superior classification performances to CT and RBFN with full wavelengths. The recognition rates (RR) of the training and prediction sets by BAGCT-RBFN were 96.0 % and 92.0 %, respectively. Hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometric can be considered as a powerful, feasible and convenient tool for the classification of Hangbaiju samples from different origins. It promises to be a potential way for origin discriminant analysis and quality monitor in food fields.

[Interventional Bronchoscopies for the Treatment of 112 Cases with Complex Malignant Central Airway Diseases Involved in Bifurcation].

BACKGROUND: It is very difficult to deal with the comprehensive central airway diseases, especially the malignant airway obstruction. The aim of this study is to explore the clinical effects of multiple interventional bronchoscopies for the treatment of 112 cases with comprehensive malignant central airway diseases so as to evaluate the clinical applications of thermoablation and cryosurgery. METHODS: The 112 cases with malignant airway diseases retrospectively reviewed for bronchoscopic interventions performed in more than two lesions of carina and/or bifurcation. The age was from 22 to 90 years, which including 55 cases with squamous carcinoma (SQ), 16 adenocarcinoma (AD), 15 adenocystic carcinoma (ACC), 10 metastasis tumor (MT), 8 small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and 8 mixed carcinoma (MC). All bronchoscopic interventions such as argon plasma coagulation (APC), cryosurgery, electronic snare and stenting were performed under rigid bronchoscopy combined with electric bronchoscopy in general anesthesia. RESULTS: The 460 bronchoscopic procedures were successfully performed in 112 cases. Cryosurgery and APC were the most used in every group. Stent was more common in patients with MT, balloon dilation was more common in patients with ACC and AD. Electric snare and radioactive seeds implantation were frequently used in cases with SCLC. Trachea stricture is more severe in MT than that in others, while bronchus stricture is more severe than that of trachea in SQ and ACC group. Karnofsky performance score (KPS) is lower and shortness of breath score (SBS) is higher in MC, MT and SCLC group. Trachea and bronchus stricture is improved after comprehensive treatment in 5 groups except of mixed group. KPS increased and SS decreased significantly in 5 groups except of adenocarcinoma. In follow-up, the overall survival time (OS) is 15 months and median survival time is 10 months, especially OS is 28.4 months in ACC and 21.7 months in AD, 8.9 months in SCLC and 7.4 months in mixed group. CONCLUSIONS: APC combination with Cryosurgery and other bronchoscopic interventions are indicated for the treatment of complex or difficult airway diseases whether they are located in trachea or bronchus. It is a safe and rapid during procedure.

[Interventional Bronchoscopy for the Treatment of Pulmonary Sarcoma].

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor in soft tissues. Resection is the preferred option to treat this tumor. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of interventional bronchoscopies in the treatment of pulmonary sarcoma if the patient is inoperable. METHODS: Sixteen cases with pulmonary sarcoma were retrospectively reviewed in our hospital from November 2008 to July 2014. The mean age was (53.1±5.4) years old. Rigid bronchoscopy was applied for the first procedure with general anesthesia, and electronic bronchoscopy was used for the second procedure or slight patients. RESULTS: Sixteen cases, which include 10 sarcomatoid carcinoma, 2 fibrosarcoma, 2 sarcoma, 1 fibromucoid sarcoma, and 1 spindle cell synovial sarcoma, were collected in this study. Eleven cases (68.8%) were peripheral and mainly located in the right upper lobe and left lower lobe. Five cases (31.2%) were central. Of these cases, 82% (9/11) were mixed and primary tumors in pulmonary tumor. Meanwhile, 56% (9/16) were intraluminal and 69% (11/16) were metastatic in central airway. All of the four cases with whole atelectasis were completely relieved through postbronchoscopic interventions. Three of the seven cases with segment atelectasis were completely reopened; two of them were partially relieved; and the remaining two had no response. The obstructive degree, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and shortness of breathless score improved significantly after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Interventional bronchoscopy could rapidly and efficiently remove endobronchial tumor, relieve airway obstruction, and improve clinical symptoms.