Effect of unilateral inferior oblique weakening on fundus torsion in bilateral eyes of children with congenital superior oblique palsy.

AIM: To study the change of torsion in both eyes after unilateral inferior oblique (IO) weakening on children with congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP). METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled all patients diagnosed with unilateral congenital superior oblique palsy (UCSOP) accompanied by inferior oblique overaction (IOOA). A total of 120 eyes of 60 patients were divided into group 1 (more extorted paretic eye) and group 2 (more extorted nonparetic eye). The degree of fundus torsion was evaluated before and 1mo after the IO weakening procedure. The torsion of the fundus was recorded by measuring the disk-foveal angle (DFA) using fundus photography. RESULTS: Group 1 included 26 cases and group 2 included 34 cases, thus the rate of extorsion was insignificantly higher in the nonparetic eye (P=0.10). The preoperative DFA in the paretic and nonparetic eyes was 13.21±5.95, 7.97±4.25 in group 1, and 4.65±3.79, 13.16±5.35 in group 2 (both P<0.001). The postoperative DFA in the paretic and nonparetic eyes was 8.57±4.87, 7.32±4.27 in group 1 (P=0.24), and 3.85±6.00 and 9.94±5.45 in group 2 (P<0.001). The amount of postoperative reduction of the DFA in the paretic and nonparetic eyes was 4.64±3.90, 0.65±0.76 in group 1 (P=0.002), and 0.80±0.81, 3.21±5.50 in group 2 (P=0.01). The difference in the amount of reduction of DFA in the more extorted eye in group 1 (paretic eye) vs group 2 (nonparetic eye) was insignificant (P=0.30). CONCLUSION: Excyclotorsion in the nonparetic eye has a similar probability in the paretic eye in UCSOP children, and weakening of the ipsilateral IO has a more obvious effect on the decrement of extorsion in the more extorted eye regardless of which eye is paretic.

[Etiological analysis of ocular non-viral microbial isolates in children and their antibiotics susceptibility in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the types, distribution characteristics and in vitro susceptibility of antibiotic agents of ocular non-viral microbial isolates in children. METHODS: Experimental research.785 specimens obtained from children below the age of 14 in Beijing Tongren Hospital during 1999 to 2004 were cultured and identified for bacterium, fungus and Acanthamoeba respectively at Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology. Microbial culture-positive rate, susceptibility patterns and the organisms distribution of positive cultures were retrospectively analyzed. The results were statistical analyzed by chi(2). RESULTS: Of the 785 specimens, 211 were culture positive. The percentage of positive culture was 26.88%. Of those positive cultures, 176 (83.41%) had pure bacterial infections, 32 (15.17%) had pure fungal infections, and 3 (1.42%) had pure cultures of Acanthamoeba. Of the 176 bacterial positive cultures, polymicrobial infection was present in 38 cases (33 bacterial, 5 fungal and bacterial). Of 214 bacterial isolates, the most common isolate was Neisseria gonorrhoeae (39/214, 18.22%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (37/214, 17.29%), and Corynebacterium spp. (36/214, 16.82%). The most common fungal pathogen isolated was Fusarium spp. representing 25.00% (8/32) of all positive fungal cultures, followed by Aspergillus spp. (15.63%, 5/32). The sensitivity of tobramycin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, rifampicin and levofloxacin of bacteria was 62.57%, 64.94%, 70.06%, 70.87%, 71.19%, 73.89%, 85.80% and 87.50%. Gram-positive isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin. Gram-negative isolates showed high susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin. The fungal isolates were most susceptible to natamycin, followed by terbinafine, but resistant to fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteria are the most common pathogens in non-viral microbial eye infection in children. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Corynebacterium spp. are the most common bacterial pathogens, which are highly susceptible to levofloxacin and rifampicin. Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. are the most common fungal pathogens, which are highly susceptible to natamycin but resistant to fluconazole.

[Analysis on susceptibility of ocular bacterial pathogens to four kinds of fluoroquinolone].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the in vitro susceptibilities of ocular bacterial isolates to Gatifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones which are often used in ophthalmic treatment. METHODS: Non-randomized, non-comparative, retrospective study. Ocular bacterial isolates (n = 619) from Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology were tested for their susceptibilities to gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin in vitro by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. RESULTS: The total number of ocular bacterial isolates was 619 from January, 2005 to December, 2006 including gram-positive cocci 372(60.1%), gram-negative cocci 7 (1.1%), gram-positive bacilli 60 (9.7%), gram-negative bacilli 177 (28.6%), other 3 (0.5%). The percentage of susceptibility in total ocular bacterial isolates to gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin was 88.4%, 72.1%, 64.8% and 54.4%. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus species to gatifloxacin (89.9%) was significantly higher than ciprofloxacin (38.8%), ofloxacin (48.2%) and levofloxacin (61.6%). Streptococcus species showed significantly higher susceptibility to gatifloxacin (93.2%), levofloxacin (89.2%) and ofloxacin (87.8%) than ciprofloxacin (62.2%). The susceptibility of gram-positive bacilli to gatifloxacin (86.7%) was significantly higher than ciprofloxacin (58.3%); All above differences are significant (P < 0.0083). Gram-negative cocci, enteric bacilli family and Pseudomonas species have the equivalent susceptibility to gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most of ocular bacterial are susceptible to gatifloxacin in vitro, especially gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species and gram-positive bacilli.