[Neuroimaging for the diagnosis of dementia.]

Development of laboratory diagnosis and neuroimaging revealed some biomarkers for in vivo diagnosis of the most common forms of dementia (Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia and vascular dementia) for their differential diagnosis. Structural changes found using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are significant for the prognosis of the cognitive decline. Cerebral microbleeds are an available adjuvant diagnostic marker, which increases the diagnostic value of leukoaraiosis that suggests the development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy or hypertensive microangiopathy, especially in cases of mixed causes of dementia and severe cognitive deficits. We describe our own clinical case and the results of digital voxel hippocampometry as an example of effective usage of neuroimaging for the differential diagnosis of dementia.

[Intracranial venous outflows associated with myofascial syndrome according to the data of computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging].

To have a pictorial view of the extent of large paired sinuses of the posterior cranial fossa, jugular foramens, temporomandibular joints, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were used to examine 1600 patients. The findings specified that the cross sizes of sinuses and jugular veins rather widely varied, their relative increase being observed with age. Furthermore, in most cases the paired sinuses of the posterior cranial fossa, internal jugular veins and jugular foramens are asymmetrically developed, the asymmetry being clearly defined only in infants aged more than 1 year. Thereafter, a group of patients with the asymmetrical structure ofjugular foramens was observed to have the signs characterizing the atypical structure or position of the heads of the mandible.