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J Nutr ; 151(2): 352-360, 2021 02 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33382431

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prebiotic dietary fibers change the intestinal microbiome favorably and provide a health benefit to the host. OBJECTIVES: Polylactose is a novel fiber, synthesized by extrusion of lactose. We evaluated its prebiotic activity by determining its fermentability, effect on the microbiota, and effects on adiposity and liver lipids in a diet-induced obesity animal model. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (4-5 wk old) were fed normal-fat (NF, 25% fat energy) or high-fat (HF, 51% fat energy) diets containing different fibers (6% fiber of interest and 3% cellulose, by weight), including cellulose (NFC and HFC, negative and positive controls, respectively), polylactose (HFPL), lactose matched to residual lactose in the HFPL diet, and 2 established prebiotic fibers: polydextrose (HFPD) and fructooligosaccharide (HFFOS). After 10 wk of feeding, organs were harvested and cecal contents collected. RESULTS: HFPL animals had greater cecum weight (3 times greater than HFC) and lower cecal pH (∼1 pH unit lower than HFC) than all other groups, suggesting that polylactose is more fermentable than other prebiotic fibers (HFPD, HFFOS; P < 0.05). HFPL animals also had increased taxonomic abundance of the probiotic species Bifidobacterium in the cecum relative to all other groups (P < 0.05). Epididymal fat pad weight was significantly decreased in the HFPL group (29% decrease compared with HFC) compared with all other HF groups (P < 0.05) and did not differ from the NFC group. Liver lipids and cholesterol were reduced in HFPL animals when compared with HFC animals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Polylactose is a fermentable fiber that elicits a beneficial change in the gut microbiota as well as reducing adiposity in rats fed HF diets. These effects of polylactose were greater than those of 2 established prebiotics, fructooligosaccharide and polydextrose, suggesting that polylactose is a potent prebiotic.


Subject(s)
Adiposity/drug effects , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Dietary Fiber/pharmacology , Lactose/analogs & derivatives , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/chemically induced , Prebiotics/administration & dosage , Adipokines/blood , Animals , Bile Acids and Salts , Blood Glucose , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Fatty Acids, Volatile , Fermentation , Gastrointestinal Contents/chemistry , Gastrointestinal Contents/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects , Gluconeogenesis , Lactose/chemistry , Lactose/pharmacology , Lipids/blood , Liver/chemistry , Liver/metabolism , Male , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/prevention & control , Rats , Rats, Wistar
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