ABSTRACT
Objective: This prospective study aims to analyze how CO and NO2 exposure during pregnancy affects birth and placental weight as well as umbilical arterial pH.Study design: The population in study includes 3614 women born in Italy, living in Lombardia Region, consecutively admitted to the Clinica Mangiagalli for an elective cesarean section from January 2004 to December 2006. Outdoor air quality data was provided by the Department of the Regional Environmental Protection Agency and obtained by a network of fixed monitoring stations distributed in eight geographical areas across the region.Results: A positive association was found between birth weight and the concentration of CO to whom women were exposed during the last 10 d of pregnancy (mean change g + 28, 95% CI +1 to +55, p .04). Conversely, placental weight was not influenced by exposure to CO while a statistically significant weight reduction was related to an increase in NO2 exposure during the last trimester of pregnancy.Conclusion: Fetal weight was positively associated with an increased exposure to CO during the last 10 d of pregnancy. NO2 exposure was associated to a placental weight reduction. These findings underline the existence of a complex biological role of such pollutants, especially of CO, in cell oxygenation at a placental level.
Subject(s)
Birth Weight/drug effects , Carbon Monoxide/toxicity , Fetal Weight/drug effects , Nitrogen Dioxide/toxicity , Adult , Air Pollutants/analysis , Air Pollutants/toxicity , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Female , Fetal Development/drug effects , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Italy , Maternal Exposure , Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis , Placenta/drug effects , Pregnancy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Aim of this study is to analyze determinants of breech presentation using information from two regional databases of Lombardy (Italy) including data on consecutive singleton breech and vertex deliveries occurred in the Region, between January 2010 and December 2015. Breech presentation occurred in 3.8% of all single deliveries. Main determinants of breech presentation at birth were: gestational age and birth weight (the lower, the higher the incidence of breech presentation), maternal age (the older the mother, the higher the risk of breech presentation), parity (the frequency of breech decreased with increasing parity) and previous cesarean section. Breech presentation resulted more frequent after assisted reproduction procedures.
Subject(s)
Breech Presentation/epidemiology , Delivery, Obstetric , Parity/physiology , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Adult , Birth Weight , Breech Presentation/pathology , Cesarean Section , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Newborn , Italy/epidemiology , Maternal Age , Parity/genetics , Pregnancy , Premature Birth/pathology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This prospective study aims to analyze the relation between particulate matter (PM10) exposure during pregnancy and birth weight (BW), placental weight (PW) and umbilical artery PH (UAPH). STUDY DESIGN: Population included 3614 women born in Italy, living in Lombardia Region, consecutively admitted to the Clinica Mangiagalli for an elective cesarean section from January 2004 through December 2006. Outdoor air quality data were provided by the Department of the Regional Environmental Protection Agency and obtained by a network of fixed monitoring stations representatively distributed in eight geographical areas. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Birth weight was negatively associated with exposure to PM10 concentration during the first trimester of pregnancy (mean change -22.2 g, 95%CI -8.7 to -35.7, p = 0.0013). Placental weight and umbilical artery PH were not associated with exposure to PM10 concentration. Fetal weight was negatively associated with exposure to PM10 concentration during the first trimester of pregnancy.
