ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Previous Analysis of polymorphism of genes associated with the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) reveals that the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles depends on the ethnic characteristics of the populations under study. Further impetus is derived from the well -established links between alcoholism (high prevalence in Kazakhstan region) and cardiovascular disorders. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine a number of apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms and correlate these alleles with changes of lipid profile in CHD patients of Kazakh and Uyghur nationalities. METHODS: Four-Hundred Forty Eight (448) males of Kazakh and Uyghur nationalities residing in Kazakhstan were evaluated and genotyped. The age range of these subjects was 30-55 years which included both afflicted and controls. Specifically, 161- Kazakhs suffered from myocardial infarction compared to 112 health controls; 80- Uyghurs suffered from CHD compared to 95 health controls. Blood lipid profiles were examined in the total cohort. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers identifying; ApoB; ApoC111; and APOE gene polymorphisms. RESULTS: Initial screening revealed a significant inter-ethnic difference on the frequency of alleles associated with both the ApoB and APOE genes. We found that the X1 ApoB gene polymorphism is overrepresented in healthy Kazakhs relative to Uyghurs [86.4% in Kazakhs vs. 69.4% in Uyghurs]. Moreover, we found that the E4APOE allele was also overrepresented in healthy Kazakhs relative to Uyghurs [16.8% in Kazakhs vs. 9.5% in Uyghurs]. There was a significant relationship of polymorphisms of APOE such as ApoB and ApoC 111 with the value of lipid indices in Kazakhs. Additionally, we found that the E4 allele of the APOE gene also correlated with the value of lipid indices in Kazakhs. Further evaluation showed that the X2 allele of the ApoB and the S2 allele of the ApoCIII gene significantly associated with the lipid indices of Uyghurs. CONCLUSION: This systematic investigation confirms the association of various alleles of Apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms and contribution to aberrant lipid metabolism. Putatively at least in our population we are proposing that certain gene polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein genes such as ApoB; ApoC111; APOE ; X2 of ApoB; and S2 of ApoCIII differentially represented in either Kazakhs or Uyghurs are genetic markers of hypertriglyceridemia.
ABSTRACT
Frequency distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene genotypes and alleles was studied in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and healthy subjects of Kazakh and Yugur nationalities. Polymorphism of ACE gene was determined by means of polymerase chain reaction. 88 IHD and 72 healthy Kazakhs and 70 and 70 Yugurs, respectively, were examined. Incidence of DD genotype in the studied groups was the least. This agrees with the literature data about low occurrence of genotype DD in Asian nationalities. Frequency of ACE gene genotypes in IHD and healthy subjects of Kazakh and Yugur nationalities do not differ significantly. Thus, polymorphism of ACE gene is unrelated to IHD in the examinees.
Subject(s)
Myocardial Ischemia/ethnology , Myocardial Ischemia/genetics , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Adult , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Female , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , Kazakhstan/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, Genetic/geneticsABSTRACT
The role of allele variants of apoB, apoCIII, and apoE genes in genetical predisposition to coronary disease was studied in Kazakhs and Uigurs. A total of 241 coronary patients and 205 healthy controls (all males) were examined. ApoB, apoCIII, and apoE gene polymorphism was studied by the polymerase chain reaction with thermostable Tag DNA polymerase. No significant relationship between the studied genes polymorphism and coronary disease was detected in the Kazakhs and Uigurs.
