How Effective Are Antimicrobial Agents on Preventing the Adhesion of Candida albicans to Denture Base Acrylic Resin Materials? A Systematic Review.

Denture stomatitis is a common oral infection caused by Candid albicans. It occurs under removable dentures due to several causative and contributing factors. If not treated, it can lead to fatal systemic candida infections. Different materials and techniques have been used to treat denture stomatitis; however, no single treatment has succeeded. The purpose of this study was to review novel techniques for incorporating antimicrobial and protein repellent agents into denture acrylic resin materials and their effect on the adhesion of Candida albicans to denture base acrylic resin materials to prevent and/or treat denture stomatitis. A systematic review was conducted in which an electronic search was undertaken using different databases and relevant keywords. The literature search revealed numerous studies describing different antifungal materials incorporated into different denture acrylic resin materials. The investigated materials showed significant antimicrobial activity with slight or no effect on the physical and mechanical properties; however, the optical properties were particularly affected with higher concentrations. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents to reduce or prevent Candida albicans biofilm formation on acrylic resin proved to be very effective, and this effect was found to be proportional to the percentage of the material used. The latter should be considered carefully not to alter the physical, mechanical or optical characteristics of the denture base material.

Denture Acrylic Resin Material with Antibacterial and Protein-Repelling Properties for the Prevention of Denture Stomatitis.

Denture stomatitis is a multifactorial pathological condition of the oral mucosa that affects up to 72% of denture wearers. It is commonly seen on the palatal mucosa and characterized by erythema on the oral mucosa that are in contact with the denture surface. The aim of this study was to incorporate 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) into a high impact polymethylmethacrylate heat-cured denture base acrylic resin as a potential treatment for denture stomatitis. We used a comparative study design to examine the effect of incorporating MPC as a protein repellent agent and DMAHDM as an antifungal agent to prevent the adherence of Candida albicans to the denture base material. The dual incorporation of MPC and DMAHDM reduced C. albicans biofilm colony-forming unit by two orders of magnitude when compared to the control group devoid of the bioactive agents. Although the addition of MPC and DMAHDM alone or in combination significantly reduced the flexural strength of the material, they showed reduced roughness values when compared to control groups. This new denture acrylic resin provides the benefit of enhancing C. albicans biofilm elimination through dual mechanisms of action, which could potentially reduce the prevalence of denture stomatitis.

Patients' Satisfaction and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Edentulous Patients Using Conventional Complete Dentures and Implant-Retained Overdentures in Saudi Arabia.

The aim of this study was to compare patients' satisfaction and quality of life (QoL) when using implant overdentures vs. conventional dentures. The QoL of Saudi patients who were provided mandibular implant-supported overdentures was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Overall satisfaction; ability to speak, eat, and chew food; comfort; esthetics; stability; and satisfaction of general oral health were measured. A total of 48.3% vs. 6.9% were, overall, very satisfied with their implant overdentures and conventional dentures, respectively. A total of 37.9% of the patients were very satisfied regarding speaking with their implant overdentures vs. 17.2% with conventional dentures. Furthermore, 41.4% were very comfortable with their implant overdentures vs. 5.2% were very comfortable using conventional dentures. However, only 15.5% were very satisfied with the esthetics of the conventional dentures compared to 43.1% being satisfied with implant overdentures. Only 1.7% were very satisfied with the stability of conventional dentures vs. 44.8% being satisfied using implant overdentures. About 8.6% of the candidates were very satisfied regarding chewing food with conventional dentures vs. 36.2% being very satisfied using implant overdentures. Approximately 10.3% were very satisfied with their general oral health using conventional dentures compared to 29.3% being very satisfied using implant overdentures. Mandibular implant overdentures had a strong impact on patients' quality of life over conventional complete dentures and should be considered the minimum standard of care provided to completely edentulous patients.

Comparison of the Fracture Resistance and Fracture Mode of Contemporary Restorative Materials to Overcome the Offset of Mandibular Implant-Supported, Cement-Retained Crowns.

BACKGROUND: The purpose was to compare the fracture resistance and the mode of failure of different contemporary restorative materials to restore implant supported, cement-retained mandibular molars. METHODS: Two 5 × 10 mm titanium dental implants were mounted in resin blocks and prefabricated titanium and zirconia abutments were connected to each implant. Each implant received forty crowns resembling mandibular first molars. The specimens were divided into four groups (n = 10/group) for each abutment according to the type of material; Group A: porcelain fused to metal crowns; Group B: monolithic zirconia crowns; Group C: zirconia coping with ceramic veneer; Group D: all ceramic lithium disilicate crowns. Specimens were cemented to the abutments, mounted into a universal testing machine, and vertical static load was applied at a speed of 1 mm/min. The test stopped at signs of visual/audible fracture/chipping. Fracture resistance values were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α ≤ 0.05). The modes of failure were visually observed. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) of the fracture resistance values among tested groups was found. The group that showed the highest fracture resistance was Group A for both the titanium and the zirconia abutments (3.029 + 0.248 and 2.59 ± 0.39, respectively) while Group D for both abutments (1.134 + 0.289 and 1.68 ± 0.13) exhibited the least resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Fracture resistance and fracture mode varied depending on type of restorative material. For both titanium and zirconia abutments, porcelain fused to metal showed the highest fracture resistance values followed by monolithic zirconia.

Influence of type of final restoration on the fracture resistance and fracture mode of endodontically treated premolars with occluso-mesial cavities.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars after the application of three restorative materials (i.e., direct composite, indirect composite, and computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing CAD/CAM ceramic inlays) to restore a conservative occluso-mesial cavity preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: sixty sound maxillary premolars were divided into four experimental groups; group A: the control group, where neither root canal treatment nor preparation were performed; group B: teeth were restored with a direct Filtek Z250 composite restorative material; group C: teeth were restored with an indirect inlay Filtek Z250 composite restorative material; group D: teeth were restored with IPS E.Max CAD/CAM monolithic ceramic inlays. Access cavities and root canal treatment procedures were conducted using standard techniques. Then, the cavities were restored with direct composite restorative materials following manufacturer's instructions. Each group received mesial-occlusal cavities and restored according to the designated group.Teeth from all groups were exposed to a thermocycling regimen of 500 cycles in water baths at 5-55 °C. Then, each specimen was mounted on a special fixture on a computer controlled Instron Universal Testing Machine. An axial compressive load was applied to the palatal cusp up to failure at an angle of 45°. The force was applied at the rate of 2 mm/min until visible or audible evidence of fracture was observed. The force at fracture was measured in MPa, and the fracture mode was recorded as either favorable [restorable adhesive fracture above the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)] or unfavorale (non-restorable fractures under CEJ). The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 statistical software. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to compare the mean values of maximum load of the four groups. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of failure mode among the four groups. The p-value of ≤ 0.05 was used to report the statistical significance of results.

Effect of cervical margin relocation technique with composite resin on the marginal integrity of a ceramic onlay: a case report.

Treatment of a large proximal carious lesion that extends below the cementoenamel junction is challenging. Large defects usually require replacement with indirect restorations (inlays, onlays, or crowns). However, when the gingival cavity margins are deep, procedures such as isolation of the operative field, proper cavity preparation, successful impression-making, and adhesive luting may be hindered unless soft gingival or hard bony tissues are removed to expose the cavity margin. The present case report describes the clinical application of a conservative cervical margin relocation technique for treating deep cavity margins. A patient presented with large distal carious lesions and necrotic pulps in both the maxillary and mandibular right first molars, which were diagnosed with symptomatic apical periodontitis. After root canal treatment of both teeth, the maxillary molar underwent a crown-lengthening surgical procedure and subsequent placement of a zirconia crown. In the mandibular molar, the cervical margin was relocated by placing a composite resin base at the proximal gingival cavity margins under meticulous isolation of the operative field. The tooth was restored with a composite core build-up and bonded ceramic onlay. The satisfactory outcome suggested a promising prognosis for the oral health of the patient.

Evaluation of Film Thickness of Crown Disclosing Agents and Their Comparison with Cement Film Thickness after Final Cementation.

OBJECTIVE: Verification of the accuracy of crown fit before final cementation is imperative. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the film thickness of commonly used dental crown disclosing materials and their comparison with final cement thickness. MATERIALS: AND METHODS: One hundred fifty provisional crowns (Protemp) were fabricated on standardized resin dies and divided into five groups (N = 150; n = 30) based on five disclosing agents: A = Fit-Checker auto-mix; B = Okklu-top; C = Express; D = Fit-Checker hand-mix; E = Coltene PSI, and Final cement = Relyx U200. Crowns were loaded with test materials, tried over dies under load (50N), and later cemented under same load. Film thickness (µm) was recorded between crown margin and the finish line of die after loading with test material and final cementation using a digital microscope. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Tukey's and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Significant variations were found between the film thicknesses of the five disclosing agents (p = 0.019). Group-A showed the lowest (131.67 ± 101.10 µm), while group-B (295.00 ± 263.88 µm) showed the highest film thickness (p = 0.011). Film thicknesses after cementation were similar for groups (p = 0.957). Significant difference was observed for group-B disclosing agent versus final cement (p = 0.010). The lowest mean difference between the film thicknesses of the disclosing agent and final cementation of 13.1 µm was revealed for group-A. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in the film thicknesses of the tested disclosing agents were found. Fit-Checker auto-mix was found with minimal film thickness and satisfied the requirements as the disclosing agent, while Okklu-top aerosol spray did not.

Review of techniques for the intact removal of a permanently cemented restoration.

The safest and least traumatic means of removing a cemented restoration is to cut a slot and pry the crown or retainer loose, sacrificing the restoration. However, various techniques and instruments for intact removal of permanently cemented cast restorations have been described in the literature. This literature review explores conservative and semiconservative techniques that are useful for preserving permanently cemented restorations during removal. Richwil resin, ultrasonic energy, and crown tractors can be considered preferred methods for removal of temporarily cemented restorations. Patients should be informed regarding the risks and benefits before removal of a cemented restoration.

Effect of nightguard vital bleaching gel on the color stability of provisional restorative materials.

PURPOSE: To assess the hypothesis that there was no difference in effect of 10% and 15% tooth bleaching agents on color stability of materials used for provisional fixed dental prosthesis. METHODOLOGY: Fifteen samples from two materials used for provisional fixed dental prosthesis: methacrylate-based and composite-based materials and 15 preformed polycarbonate crowns soaked in bleaching gel or distilled water. Spectrophotometer recorded color of specimens at baseline, after 3, 7, and 14 days. Data were statistically analyzed using two-factor ANOVA test to compare the color stability of tested materials. RESULTS: Methyl-based provisional material exhibited statistically higher color change when exposed to 10% and 15% bleaching gel (delta EFNx01: 9.0 and 11.1, respectively) as compared to distilled water (delta EFNx01: 2.9). Delta EFNx01 of composite-based material specimens exposed to distilled water was statistically higher (6.3) than specimens exposed to 10% and 15% bleaching gel (1.5 and 1.1, respectively). Polycarbonate crowns showed a statistically lower color change when exposed to 15% (0.9) than to 10% bleaching gel (5.1) or distilled water (5.5). CONCLUSIONS: Composite-based provisional material showed highest color stability when exposed to vital tooth bleaching gel, whereas methacrylate-based material was the least color stable. Polycarbonate crowns were more color stable when exposed to 15% bleaching gel as opposed to 10% bleaching gel.

A first experience with digital complete overdentures.

The development of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing systems for dentistry in the 1980s resulted in the successful fabrication of crowns, fixed dental prostheses, and superstructures for both natural teeth and dental implants. Today, this technology is available for constructing digitally designed and milled, completely removable dental prostheses. The procedure uses clinical and laboratory protocols that allow fabrication of completely removable prostheses within two clinical appointments. The aim of this clinical report is to present the author's first experience with digital complete overdentures, the practicality of this technology, and patient feedback. Compared with conventional overdentures, the fit of the digital prostheses was improved because the cameo and flanges of the prostheses were nicely shaped and rolled, and this enhanced their stability and retention. Occlusion was also excellent. However, aesthetics in terms of the alignment, shape, and size of the maxillary overdenture teeth were inacceptable. Despite some of the drawbacks identified in our study, the use of removable digital dentures does provide excellent adaptation of the denture base and requires fewer clinic visits. We anticipate that the unsatisfactory aesthetic outcomes presented in this report can be corrected with more experience. We also believe that acquiring an in-house scanning machine would be beneficial. We highly recommend including this technique in dental school curriculums at both the undergraduate and graduate levels in order to keep students and residents up to date on the latest technology available.