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2.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 29(36): 54916-54938, 2022 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35314937

ABSTRACT

Monitoring of groundwater is essential in the alluvial region of Tarn-Taran district, western Punjab, India where this freshwater source is being overexploited causing quality deterioration, groundwater depletion and posing serious threats to inhabitants. The present integrated study was conducted to appraise quality and suitability of groundwater for drinking/irrigation purposes, hydro-geochemical characteristics, source identification and associated health risks. In this study, 96% and 51% samples were detected with arsenic (As) and uranium (U), respectively higher than their acceptable limits posing high cancerous risks to local inhabitants via ingestion. Further, the quality indices revealed that groundwater of the study region is appropriate for irrigation but not suitable for drinking purposes. Hydro-geochemical studies showed that 83% of samples belonged to Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- type with major contribution of natural geogenic processes like rock-water interactions, silicate and carbonate dissolution along with reverse ion-exchange mechanisms in aquifer chemistry. Multivariate statistics revealed that along with geogenic sources, contribution of anthropogenic activities such as injudicious application of agrochemicals and domestic waste discharge was also very significant. Hazard quotient values for As were found to be 2.119 and 2.743 for children and adults, respectively representing both population groups prone to non-cancerous health risks due to As intake. Children were found to be more vulnerable than adults. This study draws an attention of public and local government about the current status of groundwater pollution in Tarn-Taran district, so that proper remediation steps can be taken to ensure the availability of good quality water.


Subject(s)
Arsenic , Groundwater , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Adult , Arsenic/analysis , Child , Environmental Monitoring , Humans , India , Risk Assessment , Water , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Quality
3.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 29(5): 7225-7239, 2022 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34472029

ABSTRACT

Groundwater samples from Kapurthala (45), Jalandhar (70), and Hoshiarpur (70) districts from northern Punjab, India, were studied for seasonal variation (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) of uranium distribution and physicochemical parameters, quality and suitability for drinking purposes, source apportionment, and health risks. The average uranium concentration (in µg L-1) in Kapurthala, Jalandhar, and Hoshiarpur districts was 12.7, 18.8, and 7.0, respectively, in pre-monsoon and 8.0, 17.3, and 5.6, respectively, in post-monsoon. In both seasons, uranium concentration was below WHO limit (30 µg L-1) in more than 90% of groundwater samples, and it was found to exhibit positive correlation majorly with TDS, EC, and total alkalinity. Principal component analysis revealed dissolution of rocks/minerals contributing to mineralization of associated aquifers in addition to some anthropogenic activities such as excessive application of fertilizers/pesticides and dumping of domestic waste followed by their seepage into the groundwater table. All groundwater samples fall in very good to good drinking groundwater quality and its quality is more improved in post-monsoon season owing to dilution of various inorganic salts during groundwater recharge in monsoon season. Average Hazard Index (HI) values due to ingestion of U, F-, and NO3- via drinking water for both adults and children were found to be marginally greater than safe limit of 1 with major contribution from F-. It is advisable to local government/public that regular monitoring of groundwater and proper management policies or strategies should be adopted followed by their implementation to control groundwater pollution in three districts.


Subject(s)
Groundwater , Uranium , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Anthropogenic Effects , Environmental Monitoring , India , Uranium/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Quality
4.
Appl Radiat Isot ; 118: 196-202, 2016 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27657459

ABSTRACT

LED flourimeter has been used for microanalysis of uranium concentration in groundwater samples collected from six districts of South West (SW), West (W) and North East (NE) Punjab, India. Average value of uranium content in water samples of SW Punjab is observed to be higher than WHO, USEPA recommended safe limit of 30µgl-1 as well as AERB proposed limit of 60µgl-1. Whereas, for W and NE region of Punjab, average level of uranium concentration was within AERB recommended limit of 60µgl-1. Average value observed in SW Punjab is around 3-4 times the value observed in W Punjab, whereas its value is more than 17 times the average value observed in NE region of Punjab. Statistical analysis of carcinogenic as well as non carcinogenic risks due to uranium have been evaluated for each studied district.


Subject(s)
Data Interpretation, Statistical , Groundwater/chemistry , Heavy Metal Poisoning/epidemiology , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology , Uranium/analysis , Water Pollution, Radioactive/analysis , Humans , Incidence , India , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/diagnosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Risk Assessment
5.
Radiat Environ Biophys ; 55(3): 401-10, 2016 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27289385

ABSTRACT

In this study, measurements of indoor radon ((222)Rn), thoron ((220)Rn) and their equilibrium equivalent concentration (EEC) were carried out in 96 dwellings from 22 different villages situated in Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh, India, by using LR-115 type II-based pinhole twin cup dosimeters and deposition-based progeny sensors (DRPS/DTPS). The annual average indoor (222)Rn and (220)Rn concentrations observed in these dwellings were 63.82 and 89.59 Bq/m(3), respectively, while the average EEC (attached + unattached) for (222)Rn and (220)Rn was 29.28 and 2.74 Bq/m(3). For (222)Rn (f Rn) and (220)Rn (f Tn), the average values of unattached fraction were 0.11 and 0.09, respectively. The equilibrium factors for radon (F Rn) and thoron (F Tn) varied from 0.12 to 0.77 with an average of 0.50, and from 0.01 to 0.34 with an average of 0.05, respectively. The annual inhalation dose due to mouth and nasal breathing was calculated using dose conversion factors and unattached fractions. The indoor annual effective doses for (222)Rn (AEDR) and (220)Rn (AEDT) were found to be 1.92 and 0.83 mSv a(-1), respectively. The values of (222)Rn/(220)Rn concentrations and annual effective doses obtained in the present study are within the safe limits as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for indoor dwelling exposure conditions.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis , Radon/analysis , Housing , Humans , India , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Monitoring
6.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 171(2): 262-266, 2016 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27056140

ABSTRACT

Soil 222Rn concentration, CO2 and CH4 flux measurements were conducted around the Jwalamukhi area of North-West Himalayas, India. During this study, around 37 soil gas points and flux measurements were taken with the aim to assure the suitability of this method in the study of fault zones. For this purpose, RAD 7 (Durridge, USA) was used to monitor radon concentrations, whereas portable diffuse flux meter (West Systems, Italy) was used for the CO2 and CH4 flux measurements. The recorded radon concentration varies from 6.1 to 34.5 kBq m-3 with an average value of 16.5 kBq m-3 The anomalous value of radon concentrations was recorded between Jwalamukhi thrust and Barsar thrust. The recorded average of CO2 and CH4 flux were 11.8 and 2.7 g m-2 day-1, respectively. The good correlation between anomalous CO2 flux and radon concentrations has been observed along the fault zone in the study area, suggesting that radon migration is dependent on CO2.


Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Methane/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radon/analysis , Soil Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Geography , Geology , India , Soil
7.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 151(1): 112-6, 2012 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22267272

ABSTRACT

LR-115 (type II)-based radon-thoron discriminating twin-chamber dosemeters have been used for estimating radon ((222)Rn) and thoron ((220)Rn) concentrations in dwellings of south-western Punjab, India. The present study region has shown pronounced cases of cancer incidents in the public [Thakur, Rao, Rajwanshi, Parwana and Kumar (Epidemiological study of high cancer among rural agricultural community of Punjab in Northern India. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2008; 5(5):399-407) and Kumar et al. (Risk assessment for natural uranium in subsurface water of Punjab state, India. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 2011;17:381-93)]. Radon being a carcinogen has been monitored in some dwellings selected randomly in the study area. Results show that the values of radon ((222)Rn)  varied from 21 to 79 Bq m(-3), with a geometric mean of 45 Bq m(-3) [geometric standard deviation (GSD 1.39)], and those of thoron ((220)Rn)  from minimum detection level to 58 Bq m(-3) with a geometric mean of 19 Bq m(-3) (GSD 1.88). Bare card data are used for computing the progeny concentration by deriving the equilibrium factor (F) using a root finding method [Mayya, Eappen and Nambi (Methodology for mixed field inhalation dosimetry in monazite areas using a twin-cup dosemeter with three track detectors. Radiat Prot Dosim 1998;77(3):177-84)]. Inhalation doses have been calculated and compared using UNSCEAR equilibrium factors and by using the calculated F-values. The results show satisfactory comparison between the values.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis , Inhalation Exposure/analysis , Radiation Monitoring , Radon Daughters/analysis , Radon/analysis , Humans , India
8.
Environ Monit Assess ; 174(1-4): 209-17, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20454849

ABSTRACT

The radon concentration levels in soil samples from 39 locations of Northern Punjab are measured using AlphaGUARD (PQ 2000 PRO Model) of Genitron instruments, Germany. The radon concentration in soil varies from 0.3 to 35.8 kBq/l. The minimum value of radon is observed in Talwandi Choudhrian and is maximum for Nushera Dhala. The soil gas radon is correlated with soil temperature, pressure, and humidity to observe the effect of these parameters on radon release. The soil gas radon values in the study area are compared with that obtained in groundwater. The results are also compared with the available radon data for other parts of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.


Subject(s)
Radon/analysis , Soil Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Soil/chemistry , India
9.
Appl Radiat Isot ; 67(10): 1904-11, 2009 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19546007

ABSTRACT

The continuous soil gas radon monitoring is carried out at Palampur and the daily monitoring of radon concentration in water is carried out at Dharamshala region of Kangra valley of North West Himalayas, India, a seismic zone V, to study the correlation of radon anomalies in relation to seismic activities. In this study, radon monitoring in soil was carried out by using barasol probe manufactured by Algade France, whereas the radon content in water was recorded using RAD 7 radon monitoring system of Durridge Company USA. The effect of meteorological parameters viz. temperature, pressure, wind velocity, rainfall, and humidity on radon emission has been studied. The seasonal average value and standard deviation of radon in soil and water is calculated to find the radon anomaly to minimize the effect of meteorological parameters on radon emission. The radon anomalies observed in the region have been correlated with the seismic events of M>or=2 reported by Wadia Institute of Himalayas Geology Dehradoon and Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi in NW Himalayas within 250km distance from the monitoring stations.

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