Health-Related Behaviours of Foreign Students Studying in Poland and Their Determinants: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Educational migration benefits students and receiving countries, but universities are challenged to meet a variety of needs, such as cultural adaptation and changes in health behaviours such as dietary habits. This study aimed to assess the health-related behaviours, encompassing dietary/eating habits, among international students in Poland, while also elucidating the factors influencing these behaviours. The study consisted of two phases: (phase 1) cross-sectional research among 231 foreign students using the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire (FLQ); and (phase 2) focus group interviews with 15 international students. The study was conducted in accordance with STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) and COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) Checklists. It was shown that the respondents highly value health. Students' health-related behaviours are related to their financial situation, health condition, self-assessment of their lifestyle, the importance attached to being healthy, and their country of origin. The qualitative analysis allowed us to identify (1) the barriers related to the exhibiting of health-related behaviours, (2) expectations of foreign students regarding the exhibiting of health-related behaviours, (3) changes in the health-related behaviours, and (4) factors facilitating the exhibiting of health-related behaviours. There is a need for inter-university cooperation on a strategy to promote health-promoting behaviours of foreign students studying in Poland.

Coping with pain: Polish versions of the Pain Coping Questionnaire for both children and parents.

Aim: This article presents the cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Polish versions of the Pain Coping Questionnaire for both children and parents. Materials & methods: The study involved children aged 12-17 years (n = 220), who experienced trauma-related pain, and their parents (n = 220). Results: In the questionnaire for children and parents, the Kaisera-Mayera-Olkina (KMO) measure of sample adequacy was 0.457 and 0.455, whereas Bartlett's test of sphericity: Chi-square = 1523.93, p < 0.001 and Chi-square = 1325.31, p < 0.001, returned a statistically significant result. Cronbach's alpha for the factors identified in both groups was between 0.833 and 0.904. Conclusion: The linguistic adaptation has shown that the Polish version of the Pain Coping Questionnaire meets the psychometric criteria for reliability and accuracy of the tool.

This study aimed to find out whether the Pain Coping Questionnaire (PCQ) in Poland, which was translated from an English version of the same questionnaire, was useful for the study of coping with pain by children and their parents. It is important that translated questionnaires be tested to make sure they are still effective in the new language. The PCQ was completed by children experiencing pain, and by their parents, and the results were evaluated. The results show that the PCQ is a questionnaire that can be effectively used in nursing care. The study also shows that children cope with pain most poorly when they rely on their emotions; the same is true also for parents. This research will make possible the use of an appropriate style of coping with pain for children and adolescents and will help in planning and implementing nursing care before the pain can become worse.

Parents' from Poland coping with the illness of a child-Preliminary research. Cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the coping health inventory for parents - polish version.

PURPOSE: The goal was to present preliminary research results on how parents cope with the illness of a child using the Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) after it had been culturally adapted and its psychometric properties evaluated. DESIGN AND METHODS: Taking part in the study were 459 parents of children with asthma (n = 230) or suffering pain (n = 229).A. RESULTS: The content validity of the coefficient of variation ratio (CVR) for each item on the scale ranged from 0.84 to 1.00. Exploratory factor analysis by principal components method with Equamax rotation confirmed the three-factor structure of the test. THe theoretical validity of the tool was confirmed by intercorrelation matrix analysis, and the criterion validity of the CHIP test was evaluated based on analysis of intergroup differences regarding individual measurements of coping by parents of children diagnosed with asthma but differentiated by need of regular medication. CHIP has high Cronbach alpha coefficients values: 0.80-0.86. Results indicate that the children's parents rate as moderately helpful the Support (2.23, ± 0.60) and Family (2.17, ± 0.55) styles. Parents rated the Medical style as least helpful in coping (1.75, ± 0,59). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms both the accuracy and the reliability of the CHIP test, and the obtained coefficient values indicate that the tool can be used for individual and for scientific research. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The study shows that assessment of the manner of a parent's coping with the illness of a child is influenced by the child's gender and place of residence.

Nurse Cultural Competence-cultural adaptation and validation of the Polish version of the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale and preliminary research results.

INTRODUCTION: Measuring nurses' cultural competence is an important aspect in monitoring the acceptable quality in multicultural populations, and is a means for efficient modification of the educational process of nurses based on this assessment. PURPOSE: The goal of this article is to offer a preliminary assessment of the cultural competence of nurses based on a Polish-language and -culture version of the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale (NCCS). RESEARCH METHOD: An adaptive and diagnostic cross-disciplinary concept was used in the research. Two hundred thirty-eight professionally active nurses in the southeast region of Poland took part in this study. The NCCS-Polish version (NCCS-P) questionnaire was used after linguistic adaptation and analysis of psychometric properties. RESULTS: Moderate levels of competence in the Cultural Knowledge Subscale (M = 3.42) were found in the group of nurses studied. The results indicate lowest competency levels in the Cultural Skill Subscale (M = 3.14). The highest values were obtained for the Cultural Awareness Subscale (M = 3.98) and the Cultural Sensitivity Subscale (M = 3.72). The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the NCCS-P scale was 0.94, with the subscale values ranging from 0.72 to 0.95. Factor validity analysis of the Polish adaptation of the NCCS-P scale pointed to its four-factor structure. The Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin sampling adequacy test was 0.905, and the Bartlett test of sphericity result was χ2 = 5755.107; df = 820; p<0.001. The four-factor structure is affirmed by the Kaiser criterion and the scree test result. CONCLUSIONS: The NCCS-P psychometric properties were highly reliable and significant because of the opportunity for using them for research in Poland. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The scale can be used in intercultural research for comparing cultural competence of nurses, including Polish ones. This scale facilitates the precise monitoring of cultural competence among nurses and nurse managers, which may help in developing nursing policies geared toward a commitment to expanding cultural competence.

The Level of Health Literacy of Seniors Living in Eastern Region of Poland. Preliminary Study.

Health literacy (HL) is recognised as an important, modifiable factor in the self-management and health performance of elderly people. The aim of this preliminary study was to identify and analyse the level of health literacy among the elderly living in one of the eastern regions in Poland. The cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 200 seniors aged 65+ after cognitive pre-screening with the use of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. To collect data, the Polish version of the HLS-EU-Q47 was used. More than half of the elderly surveyed presented problematic levels of general HL (GEN-HL), and also problematic levels of other dimensions: health care health literacy (HC-HL), disease prevention health literacy (DP-HL), and health promotion health literacy (HP-HL). The level of seniors' HL is dependent on the level of their education, place of living, participation in activities run by Daily Center for the Elderly, and their self-assessment of health condition (p < 0.05). These results imply the important message that there is a need to create initiatives and programs improving health literacy targeted at seniors living in rural areas, those with lower levels of education, and those with poor access to activities organised by institutions supporting seniors.

Lifestyle Practices, Satisfaction with Life and the Level of Perceived Stress of Polish and Foreign Medical Students Studying in Poland.

The adaptation of foreign students to a new country can be complicated due to different cultural values, language barriers and the way university courses are structured. The aim of the study was to analyze the lifestyle practices, satisfaction with life and the level of perceived stress of Polish and foreign students studying various medical disciplines in Poland with regard to chosen sociodemographic characteristics. The study included 231 foreign and 213 Polish students (n = 444) taking different medical disciplines at the medical university in eastern Poland. Three research tools were used: Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire (FLQ), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Additionally, students' sociodemographic data was collected. Two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and correlations between variables were also examined. Our research indicated that Polish students obtained higher results in FLQ than foreign students. It also demonstrated a significantly higher level of stress among Polish students in comparison to foreign students. The self-assessment of their health condition, lifestyle, and rank associated to being healthy correlated with FLQ, SWLS and PSS-10. The present research can aid the development of support programs for foreign students so that the cultural adaptation processes would more positively influence their lifestyle and an education environment.