ABSTRACT
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects myelinated axons, destroying the myelin and damaging axons to varying degrees. The course of MS is highly varied and unpredictable. Metals used during orthodontic treatment can negatively affect imaging techniques used to diagnose and monitor the progression of MS, while medications used to treat MS can negatively affect orthodontic tooth movement. The present case report highlights some of the challenges encountered during orthodontic treatment of a patient with MS and how to overcome them. The patient was a 20-year-old woman with complaints of diastema and spacing in the upper arch. Although closing the spaces was challenging due to some of the MS medications, she was treated successfully, without complications, within 20 months using closing loops.
ABSTRACT
Piezocision (corticotomy) is a minimally invasive approach that involves micro-incisions, piezoelectric incisions, and selective tunnelling for soft or hard tissue grafting. Piezocision has many uses in orthodontics, but its uses in cross-bite cases are limited. This case report illustrates the outcomes of a 19-year-old female patient with unilateral cross-bite that was treated with a minimally invasive piezocision with bone grafting in the affected side. In addition, she also had a functional shift, severe crowding, and mid-line shift. Therefore, the shift was eliminated using a quad helix expansion, she was treated with a fixed appliance, and a bimaxillary extraction of the first premolars was performed. The patient followed-up at 18 months, and the occlusion was stable with a pleasant profile. Piezocision can be used as an adjunct to the orthodontic treatment of adults to facilitate the treatment of complicated cases.
Subject(s)
Dental Arch/surgery , Malocclusion/surgery , Orthodontics, Corrective/methods , Piezosurgery/methods , Bone Transplantation , Cementation , Female , Humans , Radiography, Panoramic , Tooth Extraction , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of nicotine on orthodontic tooth movement and accompanying histological and immunohistochemical changes in rats. METHODS: An experimental study conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between 2013 and 2014. Thirty-two rats randomly divided into 4 groups. Three were experimental, received daily nicotine injections: group A: 0.37 mg/kg, group B: 0.57 mg/kg, and group C: 0.93 mg/kg. The control group (group D) received a daily injection of 0.5 mL saline. All rats were subjected to 30 g of orthodontic force on the maxillary left first molars and incisors using a nickel-titanium closed-coil spring. The distance between the 2 teeth was assessed before and after 14 days of force application. Histological, immunohistochemical, and histomorphometric assessments were performed on sections from groups C and D. RESULTS: Groups C (p less than 0.001) and D (p less than 0.001) showed the significantly greatest and least amounts of tooth movement . The results were statistically dose-dependent. Unbalanced resorption-apposition bone remodeling patterns and increased osteoclast cell distribution were observed in the nicotine group with significantly smaller percentages of bone surface areas mesially and distally (p less than 0.05). Immunohistochemical stains showed low alkaline phosphatase activity and intense tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in the nicotine group. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine accelerated orthodontic tooth movement with unbalanced bone resorption and apposition patterns around the moving teeth.
