Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials/supply & distribution , Consumer Product Safety/legislation & jurisprudence , Liability, Legal , Prostheses and Implants/supply & distribution , Chemical Industry/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Medical Laboratory Science/legislation & jurisprudence , United StatesSubject(s)
Aroclors/toxicity , Environmental Pollutants/toxicity , Models, Biological , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity , Animals , Female , Male , RatsABSTRACT
The binding of 3H-thymidine labeled herpes simplex virus to homogenates of rodent brain regions and liver was examined. The results indicated that binding sites in the brain are distributed in a non-uniform manner, the specific pattern observed depending upon the age of the animal. In addition, binding was found to be reduced by pretreatment of the labeled virus with specific antiserum or trypsin. These results suggest that the distribution of herpes simplex virus receptors is one of the factors determining neurotropism and the localization of infection within the brain.
Subject(s)
Brain/microbiology , Receptors, Virus/metabolism , Simplexvirus/metabolism , Age Factors , Animals , Binding, Competitive , Brain Stem/microbiology , Cerebellum/microbiology , Cerebral Cortex/microbiology , Cricetinae , Female , Hippocampus/microbiology , Mesocricetus , Muridae , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
The neurotransmitter biosynthesis enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase were investigated in selected brain areas of Nya : NYLAR mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus. Statistically significant alterations in the concentrations of both enzymes occurred in the olfactory, caudate, and neocortical regions at 5 days postinfection. No such alterations occurred in mice given cytoxan (150 mg/kg) 3 days postinfection and examined 5 days postinfection. At 10 days postinfection, however, the cytoxan-treated animals had significantly altered enzyme concentrations in the olfactory region, though not in the caudate or neocortex. This alteration appeared to be transitory, since it was not found in cytoxan-treated animals 60 days postinfection. A possible explanation is that virus production or interference in a brain region cycles over a period of hours or days. Still undetermined is whether these neurochemical changes are a primary effect of the virus or a secondary effect due to the immune response. It is noteworthy that cytoxan caused a marked increase in the enzyme activities studied in most of the brain areas.
Subject(s)
Brain/enzymology , Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism , Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/enzymology , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism , Animals , Brain Mapping , MiceSubject(s)
Behavior, Animal , Brain Diseases/psychology , Prions/genetics , Scrapie/psychology , Animals , Female , Genotype , Mice , SheepABSTRACT
Aroclor 1254 was fed to female and male rats daily for 9 weeks at a dose of 6.4 mg/kg in their drinking water. Control animals received plain tap water plus the emulsified (0.15% Tween 80). Elevated mixed function oxidase (MFO) activity appeared to be due to 2,4,5,2',4',5'- and 2,4,5,2'3'4'-hexachlorobiphenyls, since only these compounds were present to any degree in the tissues of the animals when MFO activity persisted after termination of exposure. The placenta apparently is an effective barrier to PCB transfer.
Subject(s)
Aroclors/toxicity , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity , Animals , Aroclors/metabolism , Body Weight/drug effects , Female , Fetus/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism , Organ Size/drug effects , Pregnancy , Rats , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Chickens , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology , Animals , Biotransformation , Brain/metabolism , Chick Embryo , Chromatography, Gas , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Female , Isomerism , Liver/metabolism , Male , Mathematics , Muscles/metabolism , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity , Statistics as Topic , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/pathology , Egg Yolk/analysis , Fetal Death , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity , Animals , Birth Weight , Body Weight , Brain Chemistry , Chick Embryo , Chickens , Drinking Behavior/drug effects , Eggs , Female , Fertility/drug effects , Liver/analysis , Muscles/analysis , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/pharmacology , Pregnancy , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/enzymology , Liver/enzymology , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Aniline Compounds , Animals , Anisoles/metabolism , Carboxyhemoglobin/analysis , Chick Embryo , Dealkylation , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism , Nitro Compounds/analysis , SpectrophotometrySubject(s)
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced , Carbon Monoxide/toxicity , Chick Embryo/drug effects , Animals , Blood Proteins/analysis , Carbon Monoxide/blood , Environmental Exposure , Hematocrit , Hemoglobins , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Oxygen/blood , Tonometry, OcularSubject(s)
Age Factors , Feedback , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology , Ovary/physiology , Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones/physiology , Steroids/physiology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Body Weight , Castration , Female , Organ Size , Ovary/surgery , RatsABSTRACT
Preliminary observations based on organ weight differential, renal function, and glomerular lesions in mice infected neonatally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis indicate the presence of a slow virus-induced kidney disease of mice. This condition is accompanied by a marked decrease in the size of the kidneys, with progressive diminution of renal function, as shown by measurements of creatinine and urea clearance.
