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1.
J Urban Health ; 101(3): 522-534, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38753136

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the relationship between firearm violence exposure and functional health among Black adults in the United States (US). We examined associations between different forms of firearm violence exposure (direct, indirect, and community) and functional health with particular attention to differences across sex groups. We used survey data from a nationally representative sample of 3015 Black adult Americans to analyze associations between types of firearm violence exposure and four aspects of functional disability including: the ability to concentrate, walk/use stairs, dress/bathe, and run errands among males and females. The findings indicate notable disparities in exposure and health outcomes based on the exposure type and cumulative exposure to violence. Among males, functional disability was associated most closely with community violence exposure, while direct threats of firearm violence were most consequential for functional health among females. High cumulative exposure to firearm violence was linked to significant risks to functional health, particularly among females. The results shed light on sex differences in the repercussions of firearm violence exposure and emphasize its implications for daily functioning and health. This study contributes to the understanding of the multifaceted impacts of firearm violence on functional well-being and highlights the need for inclusive and culturally sensitive healing approaches based in community settings. There is a critical need for heightened awareness and strategies to enhance the well-being of those disproportionately affected by firearm violence in the US.


Subject(s)
Black or African American , Firearms , Humans , Female , Male , United States/epidemiology , Adult , Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Firearms/statistics & numerical data , Exposure to Violence/statistics & numerical data , Exposure to Violence/psychology , Sex Factors , Young Adult , Adolescent , Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data , Activities of Daily Living , Aged
2.
J Urban Health ; 101(3): 535-543, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38767764

ABSTRACT

Self-appraisal after a life-altering event is a critical process for individuals, often comprised by assigned labels that may not align with an individuals' perceptions of themselves or of their situation. Existing research within this victim-survivor dichotomy largely rests in the interpersonal violence space, with a victim assuming legal recourse and wrongdoing, and a survivor associating with positive personal characteristics like grit and resilience. Much existing literature on self-appraisal after interpersonal injury is heavily concentrated within the sexual violence literature, and this study applies these concepts to a sample of Black men injured by firearms. Ten Black men enrolled in a hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP) were interviewed to understand how they label their experience of firearm injury, and if their perceptions aligned with common labels seen among other populations and/or in other areas of study (e.g., cancer, domestic violence). Each participant assigned themselves their own label, with three labels emerging: survivor, victim and survivor, and neither victim nor survivor. The results illustrate the nuance of experiences beyond the victim-survivor dichotomy, and how labels and personal identities may shift following injury into new terms and considerations of resilience and trauma processing. More research is warranted to understand the factors that shape self-labeling within this population, including influences of masculine norms, racialized stereotypes, community context, and availability of services. Findings support public awareness campaigns to reframe surviving violence as a strength, and for community partners and practitioners to increase access to culturally competent and trauma-informed mental healthcare.


Subject(s)
Black or African American , Survivors , Wounds, Gunshot , Humans , Male , Adult , Survivors/psychology , Black or African American/psychology , Wounds, Gunshot/psychology , Middle Aged , Violence/psychology , Young Adult , Self Concept , Interviews as Topic
3.
Am J Mens Health ; 18(1): 15579883231221390, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38311904

ABSTRACT

Exploring the post-injury lives of those who have survived gunshot wounds is essential to understanding the entire scope of firearm violence. The lives of Black male firearm violence survivors are transformed in various ways due to their injuries both visible and invisible. This study explored how Black men who suffer from disabilities via a firearm negotiated their masculine identities. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 violently injured Black men participating in a hospital-based violence intervention program. Survivors expressed their thoughts on how their injuries impacted their manhood and masculinities. Three themes emerged: (1) perceptions of manhood, (2) loss of independence and burden on others, and (3) and mobility. These themes highlighted and described how their lives were impacted post-injury and characterized their psychological and physical experience of recovery. The research findings suggest the need for more qualitative studies to further explore the relationship between firearm injury, Black masculinity, and perceptions of manhood. While Black men are understudied in health research and invisible in disability research, they continue to be hyper-invisible when discussing violently acquired disabilities.


Subject(s)
Activities of Daily Living , Black or African American , Disabled Persons , Masculinity , Violence , Wounds, Gunshot , Humans , Male , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Black or African American/psychology , Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Black People , Cost of Illness , Disabled Persons/psychology , Firearms , Functional Status , Gender Identity , Hospitalization , Mobility Limitation , Violence/ethnology , Violence/prevention & control , Violence/psychology , Wounds, Gunshot/ethnology , Wounds, Gunshot/psychology , Qualitative Research
4.
Child Abuse Negl ; 149: 106644, 2024 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38237241

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with future outcomes; however, Felitti's 1998 ACEs questionnaire fails to capture the experiences of Black populations living in disinvested neighborhoods making it necessary to expand the ACEs questionnaire to examine the life experiences of violently injured Black men. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to advance the understanding of ACEs among Black male firearm violence survivors using the ACEs questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Ten Black male firearm violence survivors were recruited from an urban HVIP. Case managers conducted recruitment using the HVIP's REDcap database; active and previous HVIP participants were eligible for the study. METHODS: A qualitative study design was used to understand the childhood experiences of Black male firearm violence survivors using Felitti's ACEs questionnaire and a semi-structured interview examining perceptions of their childhood experiences. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, recruitment and interviews were conducted over the phone. RESULTS: All participants experienced at least one ACE. Three themes arose from the interviews: youth incarceration, family separation and loss, and housing transition. Men at risk for violent injury experience ACEs beyond those measured in the current instrument.


Subject(s)
Adverse Childhood Experiences , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Black People , Pandemics , Violence , Black or African American
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