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1.
Nutr Res Pract ; 7(6): 466-74, 2013 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24353832

ABSTRACT

Despite the reports on safety concerns regarding the relationship between aluminum salts and neurological and bone disease, many countries continue to use aluminum as phosphate binders among patients with renal failure. In search for a diet supplement that could reduce aluminum toxicity related to renal failure, we carried out this prospective animal study in which the fenugreek seeds were assessed for their effects on rats nephrotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3). Oral AlCl3 administration during 5 months (500 mg/kg bw i.g for one month then 1600 ppm via drinking water) led to plasma biochemical changes, an inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a decrease of total antioxidant status (TAS), and an induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the blood and brain, in addition to kidney atrophy and morphological alterations at the level of Bowman's capsule, the glomerulus and different sorts of tubules, reminiscent of some known kidney disease. The treatment with the whole fenugreek seed powder (FSP) (5% in the diet) during the last 2 months showed its effectiveness in restoring normal plasma values of urea, creatinine, ALP and glucose, as well as re-increasing the TAS, inhibiting LPO and alleviating histopathological changes in the injured kidneys. This study highlights the induced nephrotoxicicity, as well as the related toxicity in the brain and bone, by chronic oral ingestion of the aluminum salts. However, the maintenance of a diet supplemented with fenugreek seeds could offer protection for the kidney, bone and brain, at the same time.

2.
Nutr Neurosci ; 16(5): 218-24, 2013 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23928220

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to review the effect of chronic aluminium exposure on interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in the posterior brain and test the putative modulating effect of fenugreek seeds. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control; AlCl3 during 5 months (500 mg/kg body weight, intragastric for 1 month then 1600 ppm via the drinking water); AlCl3 plus fenugreek seed powder (FSP) (5%) during the last 2 months and FSP alone. RESULTS: Oral administration of aluminium chloride during 5 months caused hypoproduction of IL-6 together with a decrease in GFAP reactivity and an alteration of antioxidant status in the posterior brain. On the other hand, fenugreek seeds supplementation was able to enhance IL-6 expression, re-increase GFAP reactivity, and modulate the pro-oxidant-related effect. DISCUSSION: In the context of recent researches, IL-6 hypoproduction in the posterior brain could be a novel mechanism of Al chronic toxicity with a direct effect on glial cells. Using FSP as a diet supplement could offer a neuroprotective effect against Al toxicity. This could be mediated by astroglial cells protection, antioxidant and immunomodulatory actions.


Subject(s)
Aluminum Compounds/toxicity , Brain/drug effects , Chlorides/toxicity , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis , Interleukin-6/analysis , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Aluminum Chloride , Aluminum Compounds/administration & dosage , Animals , Antioxidants/analysis , Brain Chemistry , Chlorides/administration & dosage , Female , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Trigonella
3.
BMC Vet Res ; 9: 22, 2013 Jan 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23363543

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Having considered how bioavailable aluminium (Al) may affect ecological systems and animals living there, especially cattle, and in search for a preventive dietary treatment against Al toxicity, we aimed to test the protective role of fenugreek seeds against chronic liver injury induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in Wistar rats. RESULTS: Five months of AlCl3 oral exposure (500 mg/kg bw i.g for one month then 1600 ppm via drinking water) caused liver atrophy, an inhibition of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enhancement of both lipid peroxidation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and an increase of total protein level in liver. Moreover, histopathological and histochemical examinations revealed moderate alterations in the hepatic parenchyma in addition to a disrupted iron metabolism. Co-administration of fenugreek seed powder (FSP) at 5% in pellet diet during two months succeeded to antagonize the harmful effects of AlCl3 by restoring all tested parameters. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the hepatotoxicity of AlCl3 through biochemical and histological parameters in one hand and the hepatoprotective role of fenugreek seeds on the other hand. Thus this work could be a pilot study which will encourage farmers to use fenugreek seeds as a detoxifying diet supplement for domestic animals.


Subject(s)
Aluminum Compounds/toxicity , Chlorides/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Lung Injury/prevention & control , Phytotherapy/veterinary , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Seeds , Trigonella , Alanine Transaminase/metabolism , Aluminum Chloride , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/chemistry , Liver/pathology , Lung Injury/chemically induced , Proteins/analysis , Rats , Rats, Wistar , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism
4.
Lipids Health Dis ; 11: 16, 2012 Jan 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22280491

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Peroxidation of lipid (LPO) membrane and cholesterol metabolism have been involved in the physiopathology of many diseases of aging brain. Therefore, this prospective animal study was carried firstly to find out the correlation between LPO in posterior brain and plasmatic cholesterol along with lipoprotein levels after chronic intoxication by aluminium chloride (AlCl3). Chronic aluminum-induced neurotoxicity has been in fact related to enhanced brain lipid peroxidation together with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, despite its controversial etiological role in neurodegenerative diseases. Secondly an evaluation of the effectiveness of fenugreek seeds in alleviating the engendered toxicity through these biochemical parameters was made. RESULTS: Oral administration of AlCl3 to rats during 5 months (500 mg/kg bw i.g for one month then 1600 ppm via the drinking water) enhanced the levels of LPO in posterior brain, liver and plasma together with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and LDL-C (Low Density Lipoproteins) levels. All these parameters were decreased following fenugreek seeds supplementation either as fenugreek seed powder (FSP) or fenugreek seed extract (FSE). A notable significant correlation was observed between LPObrain and LDL-C on one hand and LDHliver on the other hand. This latter was found to correlate positively with TC, TG and LDL-C. Furthermore, high significant correlations were observed between LDHbrain and TC, TG, LDL-C, LPObrain as well as LDHliver. CONCLUSION: Aluminium-induced LPO in brain could arise from alteration of lipid metabolism particularly altered lipoprotein metabolism rather than a direct effect of cholesterol oxidation. Fenugreek seeds could play an anti-peroxidative role in brain which may be attributed in part to its modulatory effect on plasmatic lipid metabolism.


Subject(s)
Lipid Peroxidation , Lipids/blood , Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Parietal Lobe/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Temporal Lobe/metabolism , Aluminum Chloride , Aluminum Compounds , Animals , Blood Glucose , Chlorides , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Female , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Liver/enzymology , Liver/metabolism , Neurodegenerative Diseases/chemically induced , Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry , Neuroprotective Agents/isolation & purification , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Parietal Lobe/drug effects , Parietal Lobe/enzymology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Seeds/chemistry , Temporal Lobe/drug effects , Temporal Lobe/enzymology , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism , Trigonella/chemistry
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