[Methods for assessing aberrant and adaptive salience]. / Metody otsenki aberrantnoi i adaptivnoi salientnosti.

The term «salience¼ is most often used to describe «aberrant salience¼, which means assigning false significance to insignificant facts and details, that is inherent to patients with schizophrenia. Most often it is used in combination with «aberrant salience¼, which is understood as the assignment of false significance to insignificant facts and details. The term «adaptive salience¼ is less commonly used and means the «correct¼ assignment of the significance to important biological information. It is believed that in schizophrenia there is a decrease of adaptive salience in combination with an increase of aberrant salience. The concepts of aberrant and adaptive salience are a kind of link between the dopamine imbalance underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the diverse clinic of the disease. This article provides a review of the literature on methods for assessing, including quantitatively assessment, salience in schizophrenia. The comparison of these methods and their possible clinical and scientific application are provided.

[Violation of Assessing the Salience of Information in Schizophrenia].

The history of study of schizophrenia has more than 100 years. During all this period there was collected a lot of data on clinical picture of the disease, psychological peculiarities of patients, biochemical and electrophysiological phenomena. In this respect it becomes actual nowadays to look for a concept that could combine different levels of schizophrenia research (clinical, biochemical, social, etc.) and explain relationships with various symptoms of the disease. In this article we analyze experimental psychological data on thinking of patients, instrumental studies (ERP fMRI, rhythmic patterns of thinking, dopamine theory) and their relationship with clinical implications. It is shown that all these data complement each other and allow us to tell about a basic violation in schizophrenia--the difficulty of patients to differentiate between more and less salient information. We can observe the violation on different levels of schizophrenia investigation and explain different symptoms of the disease as manifestations of that basic violation.

[High Variability of Rhythmic EEG Patterns, Intrinsic for Different Type of Thinking in Schizophrenia Patients].

It has been shown in the previously performed experiments that it is possible to "recognize" by the EEG data the type of thinking and to know what kind of task (spatial or verbal-logical) is solving currently. This article describes the application of this technology to the study of schizophrenia patients..We obtained data about the essential difficulty of such recognition in schizophrenia patients, correlation of these difficulties with the severity of negative symptoms. It is shown that the'difficulty of recognition is associated with higher variability of rhythmic EEG patterns, intrinsic for particular type of thinking.