Effects of growth temperature and thermal annealing on optical quality of GaNAs nanowires emitting in the near-infrared spectral range.

We report on optimization of growth conditions of GaAs/GaNAs/GaAs core/shell/shell nanowire (NW) structures emitting at ∼1 µm, aiming to increase their light emitting efficiency. A slight change in growth temperature is found to critically affect optical quality of the active GaNAs shell and is shown to result from suppressed formation of non-radiative recombination (NRR) centers under the optimum growth temperature. By employing the optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we identify gallium vacancies and gallium interstitials as being among the dominant NRR defects. The radiative efficiency of the NWs can be further improved by post-growth annealing at 680 °C, which removes the gallium interstitials.