[Analysis of changes in serotonin, histamine, and prostaglandin E2 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and body tissues during hyperthermia of various origins]. / Analiz izmenenii soderzhaniia serotonina, gistamina i prostaglandina E2 v spinomozgovoi zhidkosti i tkaniakh organizma pri gipertermiiakh razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

Physical hyperthermia caused distinct increase in content of serotonin in liquor and its decrease in hypothalamus of rabbits and rats, while histamine and PGE2 were unaltered in liquor of these animals. Considerable increase of PGE2 in liquor simultaneously with unaltered content of serotonin and histamine were detected in rabbits with pyrogenal-caused fever. A decrease in PGE2 content and elevation of serotonin were found in animals liquor after normalization of body temperature within 7 hrs of the pyrogenal treatment. The biogenic amines studied appear to serve as constituents of the natural antipyretic body system in animals, whereas PGE2 belongs to factors responsible for elevation of body temperature.

[Enkephalin and cyclic nucleotide content in the brain structures of rats at different stages of the formation and development of alcoholic dependence]. / Soderzhanie énkefalinov i tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov v strukturakh mozga krys v razlichnye stadii formirovaniia i razvitiia alkogol'noi zavisimosti.

Rats with increased alcohol motivation have been found to have a rise in enkephalin levels in limbic cortex and a decrease in met-enkephalin levels in the brain basal ganglia. Reduction of met-enkephalin to leu-enkephalin ratio in basal ganglia, limbic cortex and hypothalamus may serve as an index of increased inclination to ethanol in these animals. Alcohol dependence is characterized by reduced cAMP content in the majority of brain structures studied, sharply decreased met-enkephalin levels in limbic cortex and hypothalamus, and diminished cAMP and cGMP content in hypothalamus. In the third stage of experimental alcoholism the partial normalization of met-enkephalin and cAMP levels is observed in brain structures, with cGMP content increased in hypothalamus and considerably reduced in basal ganglia.

[Metabolism of acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the basal ganglia and limbic cortex of rats at different stages in the development of alcohol dependence]. / Obmen atsetilkholina i gamma-aminomaslianoi kisloty v bazal'nykh gangliiakh i limbicheskoi kore mozga krys na razlichnykh stadiiakh formirovaniia alkogol'noi zavisimosti.

An increase in content of acetylcholine (AC) as well as stimulation of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase were observed in basal ganglia of rat brain during development of alcohol dependency, thus indicating the activation of the AC structures. Less distinct activation of the AC structures occurred in limbic (frontal) cortex. At the step of complete alcohol dependency the patterns of AC metabolism were considerably normalized in the both brain structures; at the same time, activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system was decreased, which occurred due to inhibition of the GABA synthesis. At the III step of experimental alcoholism with "physical" dependency on ethanol synthesis and release of the AC were lowered, especially distinct in basal ganglia. These phase alterations in the activity of the AC structures in basal ganglia were accompanied by the similar alterations in content of glutamate: an increase of glutamate at the I step of alcoholism and a decrease--at the III step. Possible mechanisms and pathogenetic role of the phase alterations observed in metabolism of the brain neurotransmitters and in activity of AC- and GABA-structures during development of alcohol dependency are discussed. The data obtained suggest that the specific steps of alcoholism should be taken into consideration in the differential treatment using neurotransmitter drugs.

[Effect of immobilized adrenaline on the state of the adenylate cyclase system in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of rats in the recuperative period after physical exertion]. / Deistvie immobilizovannogo adrenalina na sostoianie adenilattsiklaznoi sistemy v serdechnoi i skeletnykh myshtsakh krys v vosstanovitel'nyi period posle fizicheskoi nagruzki.

It is shown that in the rehabilitation period after a single long physical load the adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP content in the skeletal muscle are low and normalize by the 48th and 36th h, respectively. These indices in the myocardium in the nearest rehabilitation period increase considerably, gradually normalizing by 24th and 48th h, respectively. Immobilized epinephrine accelerates normalization of the adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP content in the skeletal muscle and in myocardium in the rehabilitation period after physical load, the phosphodiesterase activity being unchanged.

[Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate in the liver of rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis]. / Tsiklicheskii 3',5'-adenozinmonofosfat v pecheni krys s éksperimental'nym revmatoidnym artritom.

Content of cAMP was distinctly decreased in rat liver tissue within the first days of development of experimental rheumatoid arthritis (adjuvant arthritis). Within 6 days the content of cAMP was slightly increased in liver tissue of the arthritic rats but it was lowered 2-fold as compared with controls. The content of cAMP was quite unaltered during subsequent course of the impairment (within 25 days). In blood plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis the content of cAMP was decreased more than 2-fold as compared with its concentration in blood of donors. Possible importance of cAMP deficiency in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is discussed.

[Mechanisms of regulating monoamine oxidase activity in different brain regions]. / O nekotorykh mekhanizmakh reguliatsii aktivnosti monoaminoksidaz v razlichnykh otdelakh mozga.

Both in vitro and in vivo rates of oxidative deamination of 3H-dopamine (DA), 14C-tyramine (T), 14C-noradrenaline (NA), 3H-serotonine (S) and benzylamine (BA) by monoamine oxidases of homogenates of rat brain cortex, brain stem and basal ganglia were shown to be different either after administration of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) and of N1-d,l-seryl-N2/(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl) hydrazine (Ro 4-4602) or after their simultaneous administration into the animals. L-DOPA and Ro 4-4602, administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg, did not affect distinctly the NA and S deamination in various parts of brain. Ro 4-4602 inhibited selectively the BA deamination in basal ganglia; simultaneous administration of the drug together with l-DOPA caused more pronounced inhibition of BA deamination; it decreased also the rate of deamination of DA and T in the ganglia. L-DOPA, Ro 4-4602 and their combination were especially effective at concentration 10(-4) M. These data characterize one of possible mechanisms of distinct antiparkinsonic action of these drugs. Ro 4-4602 was shown to inhibit the deamination of DA and S noncompetitively. L-DOPA (10(-5)--10(-4) M) activated selectively the DA deamination in brain mitochondria.

[Receptor substances of brain mitochondria sensitive to neuromediators]. / O retseptornykh substantsiiakh mitokhondrii mozga, chuvstvitel'nykh k neiromediatoram.

The action of some neurotransmitters and their derivatives on succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase of rat brain mitochondria was studied in vitro. Alpha--adrenoreceptor blocking agents phentolamine and dibenzyline abolished the inhibitory action of the native forms of catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol) on the enzymatic activity under study. Relationships among catecholamines, cyclic 3',5'--AMP, and cortisone in their influence on these enzymes were studied. The data obtained indicate the existence of alpha--type adrenoreceptors in the brain mitochondria which can be responsible for the regulatory influences of catecholamines on functional activity of mitochondria.

[Effect of neuroleptics on acetylcholine metabolism in the basal ganglia of the brain]. / Vliianie neiroleptikov na obmen atsetilkholina v bazal'nykh gangliiakh mozga.

Neuroleptics (haloperidol) closapine, pimozid, chlorpromazine) diminished the level of free (functionally active) form of acetylcholine (ACh), and, to some extent, the bound form of ACh; they changed the content of the labile-bound (vesicular) form of ACh and weakly influenced the choline-acetyltranspherase activity in the basal ganglia of the rat brain 5 to 30 min after the injection. In contrast to the inhibitory action on the acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) activity in vitro, most of the neuroleptics, except closapine, increased the AChE activity in vivo. These results indicate that the neuroleptics activate ACh-metabolism and probably stimulate the cholinergic structure in the basal ganglia of the brain; the AChE activity may serve as a criterion of such stimulating action of neuroleptics.

[Distribution of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in different portions of the brain and in the serum of rats during anesthesia]. / Raspredelenie gamma-oksimaslianoi kisloty v razlichnykh otdelakh golovnogo mozga i syvorotke krovi v dinamike razvitiia narkoza u krys.

Dynamics of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) accumulation in different parts of the rat brain (the thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, corpus striatum, cerebral hemispheres, medulla oblongata, corpora duadrigemina) and in the serum was studied by the improved gas-chromatographic method after intraperitoneal injection of gamma sodium oxybutyrate (1.5 g/kg). The GHBA content failed to differ much in the brain parts under study at the beginning of anesthesia, during and after it, only a somewhat higher GHBA content was seen at all the periods of anesthesia in the cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, and corpus striatum. The GHBA level was constantly higher (especially at the initial period of anesthesia in the serum, then in the brain tissue.