ABSTRACT
The cumulative cardiotoxicity of Adriamycin (ADR) is a constraint on its pharmacological use. The generation of drug induced oxygen radicals in heart cells lead to cardiac lipid membrane peroxidation. We studied the free radical scavenging potential of two compounds Oleanolic acid (OA) isolated from Eugenia jumbolana and Ursolic acid (UA) isolated from Ocimum sanctum against ADR induced lipid peroxidation both in liver and heart microsomes in vitro. In our attempt in the management of cardiotoxicity, we have identified OA as a strong protector against ADR induced lipid peroxidation and UA as a mild protector. Protection with OA was 49% and 21% in liver and heart microsomes respectively. On combined treatment, it increased to 69%. UA showed only 13% and 17% protection in liver and heart microsomes. Two methods for the microsome preparation, Calcium aggregation (CA) and Differential centrifugation (DC) were also compared. CA seems to give a better microsomal preparation though the protection was about the same.
Subject(s)
Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Animals , Calcium , Cell Fractionation/methods , Centrifugation , Free Radicals , Male , Microsomes/drug effects , Microsomes/metabolism , Microsomes, Liver/drug effects , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocardium/ultrastructure , Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Ursolic AcidABSTRACT
Dietary components and food dishes commonly consumed in South India were screened for their mutagenic activity. Kesari powder, calamus oil, palm drink, toddy and Kewra essence were found to be strongly mutagenic; garlic, palm oil, arrack, onion and pyrolysed portions of bread toast, chicory powder were weakly mutagenic, while tamarind and turmeric were not. Certain salted, sundried and oil fried food items were also mutagenic. Cissus quadrangularis was mutagenic, while 'decoctions' of cumin seeds, aniseeds and ginger were not. Several perfumes, essential oils and colouring agents, which are commonly used were also screened and many of them exhibited their mutagenic potential by inducing the 'reverse mutation' in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains.
Subject(s)
Food/toxicity , Mutagens/toxicity , India , Mutagenicity Tests , Perfume/toxicity , Salmonella typhimuriumSubject(s)
Food Contamination/analysis , Animals , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Bone Marrow Cells , Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Chromosome Aberrations , India , Male , Mice , Mutagens/analysis , Polycyclic Compounds/analysis , Polycyclic Compounds/toxicity , Sperm Head/drug effects , Teratogens/analysis , Zearalenone/analysis , Zearalenone/toxicityABSTRACT
In a search for plant products against cancer, the protective effect of two plant products, ursolic acid isolated from Ocimum sanctum and oleanolic acid from Eugenia jumbolana against free radical induced damage was studied. Three different standard systems viz., ascorbic acid, carbon tetrachloride, ADP/Iron were used to induce lipid peroxidation in isolated rat liver microsomes in vitro. Both oleanolic acid and ursolic acid offered remarkable protection of 90% and 60% respectively. Both the compounds did not induce lipid peroxidation by themselves that improved the therapeutic application.
