Post-challenge hematological evaluation with virulent strain of Eimeria tenella in broilers immunized with attenuated strain or sporozoite proteins from homologous strain / Avaliação hematológica pós-desafio com cepa virulenta de Eimeria tenella em frangos de corte imunizados com cepa atenuada ou proteínas de esporozoítos de cepa homóloga

Hematological parameters were evaluated in broilers immunized and challenged with Eimeria tenella. Broiler chickens of Hubbard strain, females, coccidian-free, were kept in wire cages and inoculated on the third day. The experiment was designed to include five sorts of treatment with three replicates each. T1 was the negative control group, T2 received 500 attenuated sporulated oocysts by gavage, T3 was the positive control, T4 received 50 μg of sporozoite protein + Quil A vaccine, and T5 received Quil A without sporozoite protein + PBS, the last two through nasal routeon days 0, 7, and 21. On the 31st day, all treatments were challenged with homologous virulent strain of E. tenella in the dose of 8.0 × 10 potention 4 oocysts, with the exception of T1. One week later, blood sampling, lesion scores, and cecal oocyst count were carried out. The parasitological parameters showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) and there was no damage to the hematological parameters of birds (p > 0.05) by ANOVA test. The correlations suggest that the blood parameters were impaired by effects of the parasite on tissue, showing levels of hemorrhage and/or hydration.(AU)

Foram avaliados os parâmetros hematológicos em frangos de corte imunizados e desafiados com Eimeria tenella. Pintos de corte fêmeas da linhagem Hubbard, livres de coccídios, foram mantidos em baterias metálicas e inoculados no terceiro dia. O experimento foi delineado por cinco tratamentos com três repetições cada, sendo: T1 controle negativo, T2 recebeu 500 oocistos esporulados atenuados via oral, T3 controle positivo, T4 recebeu vacina contendo 50 μg de proteínas de esporozoítos + Quil A e T5 recebeu Quil A + PBS, sendo os dois últimos por via nasal nos dias 0, 7 e 21. No dia 31, todos os tratamentos foram desafiados com cepa virulenta homóloga de E. tenella na dose de 8,0 × 10 elevado a 4 oocistos, exceto T1. Uma semana depois, foi realizada amostragem de sangue, escore de lesão e contagem de oocistos cecais. Os parâmetros parasitológicos apresentaram significância estatística (p < 0,05), sem que causassem prejuízos aos parâmetros hematológicos das aves (p > 0,05), pelo teste ANOVA. As correlações sugerem que os parâmetros sanguíneos foram afetados pelos efeitos do parasita no tecido, apresentando níveis de hemorragia e/ou hidratação.(AU)

[Action of ß-glucan in pigs experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites]. / Ação da ß-glucana em suínos infectados experimentalmente com taquizoítos do Toxoplasma gondii.

The present study tested the action of Beta-glucan in swine experimentally infected with tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. The experiment design used 8 mixed breed pigs (21 days) divided into three groups: G1 (Beta-glucan treated and infected, n = 3), G2 (untreated and infected, n = 3), and G3 (untreated uninfected, n = 2). The G1 animals were treated with 1g of Beta-glucan by intramuscularly route at days 0, 14, and 28 before experimental infection, while the other groups (G2 and G3) received only saline. The G1 and G2 were infected with viable tachyzoites (107) of the RH strain at day 35 of experiment. The parasitemy was determined by mouse bioassay and PCR from whole blood of each swine, obtained at days 3, 7, 14, 21, 31, 39, 47 e 69 post infections. The antibody levels of serum, aqueous and vitreous humor were measured by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA); a title >/= 64 was considered as positive. There were differences in the hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasmatic proteins, and eosinophils values between groups (P< 0.05). The swine of G1 and G2 serum converted 7 days post infection, and the highest title observed was 1024 in two pigs. Samples of aqueous and vitreous humor did not show antibodies against T. gondii. Parasite was detected of whole blood on days 3, 14, 31, 39, and 47 in two animals from G1, and three animals from G2. There were no differences between PCR and mouse bioassay. Animals from G3 remained without parasitemy by both PCR and bioassay throughout the experiment. The use of Beta-glucan, as was used here, was not protective for pigs against T. gondii tachyzoites acute infection. Additionally, the lineage of RH strain showed nonpersistent for pigs (muscles and retina) 69 days after infection.

[Occurrence and molecular characterization of Babesia species in a canine hospital population in the Londrina Region, Parana State, Brazil]. / Ocorrência e caracterização molecular de espécies de Babesia em cães de uma população hospitalar da Região de Londrina, PR.

Canine babesiosis is a worldwide disease caused by the protozoan of Babesia genus. Babesia canis and B. gibsoni are both species that naturally infect dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the infection of Babesia species in dogs attended at the Londrina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HV-UEL). It was selected 282 dogs seen at the Londrina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HV-UEL) between April of 2005 and May of 2006. They presented anemia (Packed Cell Volume<25%), thrombocytopenia (Platelet count <150000/mm3), leukopenia (White blood cell count<5000/mm3) or a combination of two or three of these alterations at the moment of the consultation. The presence of Babesia sp was determined by the amplification of a specific fragment of DNA of the Babesia genus by PCR. Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears detected 38 (13.5%) positive samples against 105 identified by PCR from 282 dogs. The positive samples were submitted to PCR-RFLP by Hinf I that allows distinguishing the species of B. canis vogeli and B. gibsoni. From 282 dogs, Babesia sp infection was identified in 105 (37.2%). From these 105 positive samples, the PCR-RFLP identified 66 (23.4%) samples with a profile compatible to B. canis vogeli and 39 (13, 8%) to B. gibsoni. As conclusions, the results obtained allow to affirm that the babesiose is an important differential for dogs that present anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and, B. canis vogeli is the subspecies that is present in the most of the cases of babesiose in the population of dogs studied and, that B. gibsoni is also present causing babesiosis in dogs of the Londrina region, Parana State, Brazil.

Clinical, pathological and serologic aspects of experimental toxoplasmosis in young dogs / Aspectos clínicos, patológicos e sorológicos da toxoplasmose experimental em cães jovens

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, that affects all warm- blooded- animals including human beings. The lack of information about the clinical response of dogs to T. gondii infection led us to experimentally inoculate nine young dogs with three different strains of T. gondii. The animals were examine daily during 30 days. Lymph node enlargement was the only clinical alteration detected in all dogs. Ophthalmologic changes were observed in seven dogs. T. gondii was isolated in blood and urine in all dogs and the disease was confirmed histopathologically. Serologic, hematologic, and biochemical changes compatible with T. gondii infection were observed. Our findings characterize clinical and laboratory changes in toxoplasmosis in young dogs.

A toxoplasmose é causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii , que acomete todos os animais de sangue quente inclusive o homem. A falta de informação na literatura da resposta clínica dos cães à infecção pelo T. gondii levou-nos a inocular experimentalmente nove cães jovens com três diferentes cepas, onde foram acompanhados durante 30 dias. Nesse período observou-se aumento de volume dos linfonodos em todos os cães inoculados e alterações oftalmológicas em sete cães. Titulo de anticorpos anti- T.gondii observados já 4º DPI demonstraram a precocidade da resposta nestes animais. O T. gondii foi isioaldo no sangue e urina da todos os cães e a doença foi confirmada histopatologicamnete. Alterações sorológicas, hematológicas e bioquímicas observadas, foram compatíveis com infecção pelo T.gondi. Assim os achados clínicos e laboratoriais foram característicos da toxoplasmose em cães jovens.