[Transformation of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome to atypical chronic myeloid leukemia in a female patient with acute myeloid leukemia]. / Transformatsiya vtorichnogo mielodisplasticheskogo sindroma v atipichnyi khronicheskii mieloleikoz u bol'noi ostrym mieloidnym leikozom.

Secondary myeloid neoplasia may be a complication of intensive cytostatic therapy. The most common types of secondary neoplasias are acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. The development of secondary atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is an extremely rare phenomenon. The paper describes transformation of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome to aCML 6 months after its diagnosis. The development of aCML was accompanied by additional chromosomal aberration as monosomy of chromosome 17. No mutations in the JAK2, MPL, and CalR genes were detected. It is concluded that the clinical course of secondary myeloid neoplasias is variable.

[The specific features of diagnosis of mixed-phenotype acute leukemia: A combination of B-cell antigen expressions according to the results of flow cytometry and morphological markers of myeloid differentiation in blast cells: A clinical case].

This rare type of acute leukemia, blast cells of which express myeloid and/or lymphoid markers, is mainly diagnosed using flow cytometric findings. The paper describes a clinical case of mixed-phenotype acute leukemia, in which B-cell lymphoid antigen expressions were revealed by a flow cytometric technique, while bone marrow morphological specimens showed the signs of myeloid differentiation specific to blast cells. It is concluded that there is a need for a comprehensive examination of patients with new-onset acute leukemia and for an aggregate analysis of flow cytometric results with morphological and cytochemical findings.

[Retrospective analysis of the morphological, cytochemical, cytogenetic, electron microscopic, and biochemical features of blast cells in acute promyelocytic leukemia]. / Retrospektivnyi analiz morfologicheskikh, tsitokhimicheskikh, tsitogeneticheskikh, élektronno-mikroskopicheskikh, biokhimicheskikh osobennostei blastnykh kletok pri ostrom promielotsitarnom leikoze.

The paper presents a retrospective analysis of long-term follow-ups (from 1959 to 2000) of 86 patients with acute pro-myelocytic leukemia, a rare type of hemoblastoses. The specific features of this form of leukemia is that blast cells of the bone marrow and peripheral blood have a specific granularity that plays a decisive role in the development of the severe hemorrhagic syndrome leading to patients' death. The morphological, cytochemical, cytogenetic, electron microscopic, and biochemical features of blast cells in this disease and its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment are considered. An extract from the records of a female patient who has had a complete clinical and hematological remission for 22 years is given. The follow-up of such a prolonged remission has not been covered in the Russian literature.

[The action in vitro of a permanent and an alternating magnetic field and of cytosar on the colony- and cluster-forming properties of bone marrow cells from hematologic patients]. / Vozdeistvie in vitro postoiannogo i peremennogo magnitnogo polia i tsitozara na kolonie- i klasteroobrazuiushchie svoistva kletok kostnogo mozga gematologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The bone marrow of hematological patients was studied as were effects of cytozar at different dilutions on the bone marrow cells. The analysis of the secured results showed the magnetic field to be a powerful biologically active factor capable of changing clonogenic properties, proliferative and differentiative potential of hemopoietic cells precursors. A long exposure brings about a decline in the colony-forming activity of bone-marrow cells, that is to say, with prolongation of time of the exposition the magnetic field becomes an unfavourable factor for the leukotic cell culture development. Similar results were obtained with cytozar in the culture while studying the colony-forming capability of bone-marrow cells. Hence it appears that action of magnetic field under long exposition to it, combined exposure to magnetic fields, are, in some cases, comparable to effects of cytozar. It is possible that concurrent prescription of cytozar together with magnetization of blood in patients with hemoblastoses should permit enhancing the efficacy of treatment. Employment of weak magnetic fields is a satisfactory and worth-while therapeutic attempt to be made in a multimodality treatment of patients with hemoblastoses.

[Immunomodulator Cycloferon in the comprehensive treatment of patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia]. / Immunomoduliator tsikloferon v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh ostrimy nelimfoblastichnymi leikozami.

The therapeutic benefit and action of the immunomodulator Cycloferon were evaluated in patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. When administered in conjunction with chemotherapy during first complete remission, it reduced both early-onset relapse frequency and degree of cytostatic-induced immune deficiency. The drug's action is mediated by changes taking place in cytokine and interferon synthesis.

[The in-vitro effect of continuous and pulsed magnetic field on the colony-forming ability of bone marrow cells from hematologic patients]. / Vliianie in vitro postoiannogo i impul'snogo magnitnogo polia na kolonieobrazuiushchuiu sposobnost' kletok kostnogo mozga gematologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The investigation was concerned with the effect of magnetic field on the colony- and cluster-forming potential of myelo- and monocytopoietic precursor-cells in different blood diseases. Bone marrow from 72 patients was exposed in vitro to low continuous magnetic field and to intermittent continuous and pulsed one--from another 22 patients. The ADMT-Magnipulse source was used. Magnetic field proved a biologically-active factor capable of changing the clone-forming properties, proliferative and, possibly, differentiating potential of hemopoietic precursor-cells.

[The results of a hematological examination of the population living in an area of intense radiological control in Bryansk Province]. / Rezul'taty gematologicheskogo obsledovaniia naseleniia, prozhivaiushchego v zone usilennogo radiatsionnogo kontrolia Brianskoi oblasti.

As many as 1492 residents of populated areas in Zlynka District of Bryansk Province were studied. There were 628 children and 864 adults in the series. Contamination with radionuclides in the territory of residence was of the order of 40/km2 and above; the level of cesium deposition in the body of the examinees ranged between 0.4 to 3.4. Deviations from the norm in the peripheral blood were detected in 15% of adults and 36% of children. These were manifest by hypochromic anemia, by eosinophil- and lymphoid-type leukemoid reactions, and by other disorders that resulted from nutritional imbalance, deficiency of iron of varying genesis, helminthic invasion, allergic states. Concurrent cellular and humoral immunity shifts coupled with the deviations from the norm in the indices for the thioldisulphide system attest to the need for designing of measures to secure long term observation over health state of the population residing in the contaminated territories.

[Clinical experience using the cryoprotector "hecmolit" in performing autologous bone marrow transplantation]. / Opyt klinicheskogo primeneniia krioprotektora "gekmolit" pri provedenii autologichnoi transplantatsii kostnogo mozga.

The authors summarize clinical evidence obtained on the efficacy of a new Russian cryoprotector hecmolit in the conduction of autotransplantation of 8 patients with acute leukemia. The markers of the preserved hemopoietic potential of the unfrozen bone marrow were the amount of myelokaryocytes, their viability in the test with vital stain, CFU-GM level. Infusions of the marrow suspension incorporating hecmolit (120-180 ml) produced minimaL side effects. After thawing myelokaryocytes remained in the amount 81.7 +/- 8.2% or 1.6 +/- 0.4 x 10(8) cell / kg, on the average. Estimation of the aggregates in terms of the weight revealed that hemopoietic potential was sufficient for the transplant survival (2.9 +/- 0.7 x 10(3) CFU-GM/kg) though only 50 +/- 10% of CFU-GM remained safe. Hecmolit tolerance was satisfactory. The preparation is thought convenient for bone marrow transplantation practice.

[Experience with the use of reaferon (alfa 2-interferon) for treating patients with chronic myeloleukemia]. / Opyt primeneniia reaferona (al'fa 2-interferona) dlia lecheniia bol'nykh khronicheskim mieloleikozom.

The effectiveness of domestic alpha 2-interferon preparation reaferon was studied in vivo and in vitro for eradication of pathological hemopoietic clone in chronic myeloid leukemia. Reaferon administration for 1-30 months produced cytogenetic remission in 7%, hematological remission in 21%, partial hematological remission in 36% of the patients. Reaferon is indicated in chronic myeloid leukemia without splenomegaly. In the disease progression reaferon is uneffective. Mechanism of reaferon therapeutic action comprises three components: a direct antiproliferative effect on hemopoietic precursor cells, activation of cellular immunity, an effect on stem cell microenvironment.

[Morphological and pathogenetic aspects of aplastic anemia]. / Morfologicheskie i patogeneticheskie aspekty aplasticheskoi anemii.

A complex study of colony-stimulating properties of cells-precursors of granulomonocytopoiesis, morphological parameters of the marrow histological structures and immunological parameters was carried out in 90 patients to specify pathogenic mechanisms of aplastic anemia (AA) development. 95% of patients appeared to have sharp decrease of the marrow colony-stimulating properties and only 5% had normal initial indexes. In most patients endostal cell number increased, while the content of reticulocytes grew higher in more than 30% of patients. Defect of the marrow stroma functioning was registered in 23% of patients. Increase of the osseous tissue volume and osteocyte number was found. Dysbalance in cellular link of immunity was demonstrated. Only temporal increase of the marrow colony-stimulating properties was marked in some patients on the background of treatment with antilymphocyte globulin, despite the clinic-hematological improvement. Multifactor pathophysiological mechanisms, the main of which is the stem cell defect lies in the base of AA pathogenesis. Hemopoietic microenvironment pathology is not the leading reason of the hemopoiesis depression but it contributes greatly in its development. Immunological alterations in patients with AA are secondary and can be partly corrected with treatment with ALG.

[The colony-forming capacity of the precursor cells of granulomonocytopoesis in bone marrow aplasia]. / Kolonieobrazuiushchaia sposobnost' kletok-predshestvennikov granulomonotsitopoéza v usloviiakh aplazii kostnogo mozga.

Retrospective analysis of 80 patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) was performed in order to examine clonogenic properties of granulomonocytopoiesis precursors and to specify the extent of disorder of hemopoiesis in AA. Sharp decrease of clonogenic properties of precursors, especially in severe form of AA was established to be present in 95% of patients, while only in 5% of patients initial indexes of the clonogenic ability were discovered to be normal. After treatment with ALG, prednisolum and androgen and also after splenectomy, clonogenic ability increased appropriately in 43%, 16.6% and 76.9% of patients, although the effect was not steady. The best results were obtained after allogenic transplantation of bone marrow (TBM), when the clonogenic properties normalization was observed against the background of remission 1-3 years lasted. Thus, low indexes of clonogenic properties of the precursors of granulomonocytopoiesis in AA, and positive effect of TBM may indicate the lesion of the precursor. At the same time normal initial indexes in some patients, and diverse effect of different methods of therapy make it possible to admit the probability of the lesion of stromal microenvironment cells.

[The importance of studying clonogenic properties of medullary hematopoietic cells in multiple myeloma]. / O neobkhodimosti izucheniia klonogennykh svoistv gemopoéticheskikh kletok kostnogo mozga pri mnozhestvennoi mielome.

The study of clonogenic properties of granulomonocytopoiesis cell-precursors (CFU-GM) in 47 multiple myeloma patients revealed that the lowest clonogenic activity of the bone marrow occurs in the initial stage of multiple myeloma and in the development of the disease relapse. In remission the pool of normal CFU-GM seemed much improved due to suppression of the tumor cell pool by cytostatic drugs. Clonogenic properties of the above cell-precursors may serve a valuable marker of the multiple myeloma treatment efficacy.

[Effect of the blood sera of patients with different pathologies on normal and leukemic cells--the precursors of granulo- and monocytopoiesis]. / Vliianie syvorotok krovi bol'nykh s razlichnoi patologiei na normal'nye i leikoznye kletki--predshestvenniki granulomonotsitopoéza.

A study was made of the effect of the blood sera of persons of the control group and patients with various diseases of the blood on normal precursor cells of granulo-monocytopoiesis (CFU-GM) and leukemic clonogenic cells. A stimulating human blood serum effect on proliferation was noted during cultivation of normal CFU-GM and leukemic clonogenic cells in the "agar drop-liquid medium" system. As a rule, the stimulating serum effect manifested itself in the presence of feeder cells or a high "spontaneous" colony formation. Human blood sera can be added to a culture medium for improving its nutritive properties.

[Colony-forming ability of precursor cells of granulomonocytopoiesis in an agar bilayer system in healthy subjects]. / Kolonieobrazuiushchaia sposobnost' kletok-predshestvennikov granulotsitomonopoéza v dvukhsloinoi agarovoi sisteme u zdorovykh liudei.

It is necessary to know growth characteristics of normal hemopoietic cells in order to estimate their clonogenic properties at different diseases of the blood system. Twelve healthy persons at the age of 27-49 years have been examined. Cellular aggregates have been counted on the 7th day. The aggregates containing more than 20 cells are considered as colonies, the aggregates containing 3-20 cells--as clusteres. The number of the aggregates is recounted as 1.10(5) nuclear cells. Among the colonies the overwhelming majority belong to neutrophilic ones, among the clusters this predominance is not so clearly manifested. The cells become mature up to the stab and segmental neutrophils and monocytes. Among the clusters, besides the neutrophilic aggregates, there is an essential part of the macrophagal ones.