Artificial intelligence applications in different imaging modalities for corneal topography.

Interpretation of topographical maps used to detect corneal ectasias requires a high level of expertise. Several artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have attempted to interpret topographic maps. The purpose of this study is to provide a review of AI algorithms in corneal topography from the perspectives of an eye care professional, a biomedical engineer, and a data scientist. A systematic literature review using Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar was performed from 2010 to 2020 on themes regarding imaging modalities, their parameters, purpose, and conclusions and their samples and performance related to AI in corneal topography. We provide a comprehensive summary of advances in corneal imaging and its applications in AI. Combined metrics from the Dual Scheimpflug and Placido device could be a good starting point to try AI models in corneal imaging systems. The range of area under the receiving operating curve for AI in keratoconus detection and classification was from 0.87 to 1, sensitivity was from 0.89 to 1, and specificity was from 0.82 to 1. A combination of different types of AI applications to corneal ectasia diagnosis is recommended.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) Consensus (CON) Group Meeting Proceedings.

An international, expert led consensus initiative was set up by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) group to develop systematic, evidence, and experience-based recommendations for the treatment of ocular TB using a modified Delphi technique process. In the first round of Delphi, the group identified clinical scenarios pertinent to ocular TB based on five clinical phenotypes (anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, choroiditis, retinal vasculitis, and panuveitis). Using an interactive online questionnaires, guided by background knowledge from published literature, 486 consensus statements for initiating ATT were generated and deliberated amongst 81 global uveitis experts. The median score of five was considered reaching consensus for initiating ATT. The median score of four was tabled for deliberation through Delphi round 2 in a face-to-face meeting. This report describes the methodology adopted and followed through the consensus process, which help elucidate the guidelines for initiating ATT in patients with choroidal TB.

Multimodal Imaging in Ocular Toxoplasmosis.

Multimodal imaging relies on combination of multiple imaging modalities to precisely delineate pathological changes in the posterior segment of the eye associated with a wide range of conditions. This combined application of fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus reflectance/autofluorescence and fundus angiography (with fluorescein, indocyanine green and/or optical coherence tomography) is of great utility for assessment of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Multimodal imaging is helpful to characterize the typical pattern of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, with primary focal inflammatory involvement of the neurosensory retina, and secondary changes at the level of underlying choroid, retinal blood vessels, vitreous and even optic disc. It may also be valuable to document and follow local complications, including macular edema, vascular occlusions, and choroidal neovascularization, among others.

Outbreak of ocular toxoplasmosis in Coimbatore, India.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects up to a third of the world's population. Infection is mainly acquired by ingestion of food that is contaminated with oocysts. We report an outbreak of ocular toxoplasmosis, which is an acute acquired type rather than reactivation of congenital toxoplasmosis. Our preliminary investigation points to municipal water contamination. This outbreak only proves the need of an effective public health system and health education in curtailing any outbreak.