History is repeating itself: Probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Epidemic

Pathogen transmission from a vertebrate animal to a human, also known as zoonotic spillover, represents a global public health burden, which while associated with multiple outbreaks, still remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Coronaviruses, like influenza viruses, circulate in nature in various animal species. Alpha-coronaviruses and beta-coronaviruses can infect mammals and gamma-coronaviruses and delta-coronaviruses tend to infect birds, but some of them can also be transmitted to mammals. Although still preliminary, current data suggest that bats are the most probable initial source of the current 2019 novel CoV (2019nCoV) outbreak, that begun on December 2019 in Wuhan, China, apparently spreading from a "wet market" to multiple cities and provinces in China. This epidemic of 2019nCoV, already reaching more than 6,000 cases to-day (end of January 2020) (>90% in China), will not be the last one linked to zoonotic spillover events.

Evaluación de la calidad metodológica de las guías de práctica clínica relacionadas a enfermedad hipertensiva vigentes en Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Peru y del Reino Unido / Assessment of methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines related to existing hypertensive disease in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and the United Kingdom

Se trata de un estudio cuyo interés es conocer la calidad metodológica de las Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC) que se encuentran vigentes, relacionadas a enfermedad hipertensiva de Países como Brasil, Colombia, Chile , Perú y de La agencia del Reino Unido National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE).La importancia de este estudio se basó en la amplia cantidad de Guías publicadas en Latinoamérica en la actualidad, por lo que era relevante conocer si esas guías que supuestamente nos guían son de adecuada calidad metodológica. Así mismo resultó de interés compararlas con aquellas guías que son elaboradas por una agencia europea como NICE que tienen una amplia experiencia en la elaboración de las mismas.Dentro de los objetivos del estudio principalmente fue conocer si son o no recomendables el uso de dichas guías de práctica clínica vigentes y de patologías similares en países sudamericanos como los ya precisados así como de una agencia europea de Inglaterra, y luego hacer un análisis comparativo entre ellos. En cuanto a la metodología, se trata de un estudio transversal en el cual se analizaron las guías de práctica clínica según los criterios de elegibilidad usando un instrumento de evaluación de la calidad metodológica: AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation). Se encontraron 9 guías, 4 guías peruanas, una colombiana, una chilena, una brasileña y 2 del NICE a ser evaluadas. Solo una Guía de Práctica Clínica de Colombia fue Recomendada a nivel Latinoamericano junto con las GPC del NICE. Las Guías de Práctica Clínica de Brasil y Chile fueron recomendadas con modificaciones y ninguna GPC de Perú fue recomendada. Solo la GPC de Colombia sobrepasó el 60 por ciento de puntaje en lo que es Rigor en la elaboración y Aplicabilidad...

This research was developed to recognize the methodological quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) that are currently in force, related to hypertensive disease in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Peru and the United Kingdom agency National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE).The importance of this study was based on the large amount of guidelines published in Latin America nowadays; therefore it was necessary to know if those guidelines, that are supposed to guide us, have a suitable methodological quality. Moreover, it was interesting to compare them with those guidelines developed by a European agency like NICE, which has wide experience in preparing thereof.Among the objectives of the study, the main one was to know whether or not it is recommended the use of these clinical practice guidelines in force and similar diseases in South American countries such as those already identified, as well as the European agency from England, and then make a comparative analysis between them.In terms of methodology, it is a cross-sectional study in which clinical practice guidelines were analyzed according to the eligibility criteria using an instrument for assessing the methodological quality: AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation).A total of 9 guidelines; four guidelines from Peru, one from Colombia, one from Chile, one from Brazil and two from NICE, were evaluated. Only one Colombian CPG was recommended in Latin American with the NICE Clinical Practice Guidelines. The Clinical Practice Guidelines from Brazil and Chile were recommended with modifications and none Peruvian GPC was recommended. Only the Colombian GPG exceeded 60 percent score related to rigor in the development and applicability. All domains of the NICE Clinical Practice Guidelines exceeded 60 percent of score. It is advisable to develop a methodological guide for developing clinical practice guidelines at national and Latin American level...