In Situ Synthesis of Hybrid Inorganic⁻Polymer Nanocomposites.

Hybrid inorganic⁻polymer nanocomposites can be employed in diverse applications due to the potential combination of desired properties from both the organic and inorganic components. The use of novel bottom⁻up in situ synthesis methods for the fabrication of these nanocomposites is advantageous compared to top⁻down ex situ mixing methods, as it offers increased control over the structure and properties of the material. In this review, the focus will be on the application of the sol⁻gel process for the synthesis of inorganic oxide nanoparticles in epoxy and polysiloxane matrices. The effect of the synthesis conditions and the reactants used on the inorganic structures formed, the interactions between the polymer chains and the inorganic nanoparticles, and the resulting properties of the nanocomposites are appraised from several studies over the last two decades. Lastly, alternative in situ techniques and the applications of various polymer⁻inorganic oxide nanocomposites are briefly discussed.

Solution based synthesis of simple fcc Si nano-crystals under ambient conditions.

We demonstrate for the first time that simple face-centered cubic (fcc) silicon nano-crystals can be produced by a solution based bottom-up synthesis route under ambient conditions. Simple fcc Si nano-crystals (2-7 nm) were prepared at room temperature by using sodium cyclopentadienide as a reducing agent for silicon tetrachloride. Photoluminescence emission at 550 nm was observed for the fcc silicon nano-crystals upon excitation at 340 nm, indicating that fcc Si nano-crystals were exhibiting direct bandgap like semiconductor properties with very fast radiative recombination rates. The new synthesis route makes possible the production and study of simple fcc polymorphs of Si nano-crystals with an easy alteration of surface termination groups.