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1.
Eur J Dent Educ ; 12 Suppl 1: 161-6, 2008 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18289278

ABSTRACT

Inequalities within dentistry are common and are reflected in wide differences in the levels of oral health and the standard of care available both within and between countries and communities. Furthermore there are patients, particularly those with special treatment needs, who do not have the same access to dental services as the general public. The dental school should aim to recruit students from varied backgrounds into all areas covered by the oral healthcare team and to train students to treat the full spectrum of patients including those with special needs. It is essential, however, that the dental student achieves a high standard of clinical competence and this cannot be gained by treating only those patients with low expectations for care. Balancing these aspects of clinical education is difficult. Research is an important stimulus to better teaching and better clinical care. It is recognized that dental school staff should be active in research, teaching, clinical work and frequently administration. Maintaining a balance between the commitments to clinical care, teaching and research while also taking account of underserved areas in each of these categories is a difficult challenge but one that has to be met to a high degree in a successful, modern dental school.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Dental Care , Dental Research , Medically Underserved Area , Schools, Dental , Teaching , Clinical Competence , Curriculum , Dental Care/standards , Dental Care for Disabled , Education, Dental , Health Services Accessibility , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Oral Health , School Admission Criteria , Specialties, Dental/education , Teaching/methods
2.
J Dent Res ; 81(9): 637-40, 2002 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12202647

ABSTRACT

Conventional caries trials last from 24 to 36 months. This study evaluated whether the previously established difference in efficacy between 1000- and 2500-ppm-fluoride dentifrices could be detected after 12 months. Caries was assessed by clinical visual assessment (CVA-simplified version of Dundee Selectable Threshold Method - DSTM), bitewing radiography, and Fiber Optic Transillumination (FOTI). Changes in status for individual surfaces were classified by means of pre-prepared matrices as 0 (unchanged), +1 (initiation or progression), or -1 (regression) and summed for each subject to yield an event score. Mean group event scores were calculated for each product. DSTM at the D(1) [enamel and dentin] threshold showed significant inter-group differences in mean event scores (p < 0.003) and D(1)MFS increment (< 0.007) at 12 months; these were confirmed at 24 months by traditional increment analysis (CVA & FOTI at the D(3) (dentin only) threshold + radiography, p < 0.03). This study confirms the validity of an abbreviated trial protocol.


Subject(s)
Cariostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dentifrices/therapeutic use , Fluorides/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Analysis of Variance , Cariostatic Agents/administration & dosage , Child , DMF Index , Dental Caries/diagnosis , Dental Caries/physiopathology , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Dental Enamel/pathology , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Dentin/pathology , Disease Progression , Double-Blind Method , Female , Fluorides/administration & dosage , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Observer Variation , Radiography, Bitewing , Reproducibility of Results , Research Design , Statistics as Topic , Tooth Extraction , Tooth Remineralization , Transillumination , Treatment Outcome
3.
Int Endod J ; 34(6): 429-34, 2001 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11556508

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and role of yeasts, enteric gram-negative rods and Enterococcus species in root-filled teeth with chronic apical periodontitis, and the antimicrobial effect of iodine potassium iodide (IKI) irrigation. METHODOLOGY: Forty symptom-free root-filled teeth with chronic apical periodontitis were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. In group A the canals were filled with calcium hydroxide for 10-14 days after cleaning and shaping; in group B the canals were irrigated with IKI for 5 min after cleaning and shaping followed by a permanent root filling. Microbiological samples were taken from the canals before and after the chemomechanical preparation and after iodine irrigation (group B). RESULTS: Microbes were isolated from 33 of 40 teeth in the initial sampling. Yeasts were isolated from six teeth, three of them together with E. faecalis. Enteric rods (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis) were present in three teeth and E. faecalis was isolated from 21 of the 33 culture positive teeth, 11 in pure culture. Growth was detected in 10 teeth of the second samples. Six of the 10 cases were E. faecalis, with five being a pure culture. All third samples (after IKI) except one were negative. The number of microbial cells per sample did not correlate with lesion size. Two flare-ups were recorded, both in teeth with a mixed infection. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of enteric bacteria and yeasts in root-filled teeth with chronic apical periodontitis was established. IKI improved the antimicrobial effect of the treatment.


Subject(s)
Periapical Periodontitis/drug therapy , Periapical Periodontitis/microbiology , Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology , Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use , Tooth, Nonvital/microbiology , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/etiology , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Calcium Hydroxide/pharmacology , Calcium Hydroxide/therapeutic use , Candida albicans/drug effects , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Chronic Disease , Colony Count, Microbial , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods/drug effects , Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods/isolation & purification , Humans , Iodine/pharmacology , Iodine/therapeutic use , Iodine Compounds/pharmacology , Iodine Compounds/therapeutic use , Periapical Periodontitis/etiology , Potassium Iodide/pharmacology , Potassium Iodide/therapeutic use , Retreatment , Root Canal Therapy , Tooth, Nonvital/complications
4.
J Endod ; 26(10): 593-5, 2000 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11199800

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of Enterococcus faecalis in root canals of previously root filled teeth with apical periodontitis requiring retreatment was studied in Lithuanian patients. Twenty-five asymptomatic teeth were included in the study. Avoiding contamination microbiological samples were taken from the canals before and after preparation and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and EDTA. Microbes were isolated from 20 of 25 teeth. E. faecalis was isolated from 14 of those 20 culture positive teeth, usually in pure culture or as a major component of the flora. Second samples taken after preparation revealed growth in 7 of the 20 teeth. Five of the seven cases were E. faecalis in pure culture. Isolation of E. faecalis was not related to the use of any particular root filling material in the original root filling. The results indicate that, rather than previous chemical treatment, it is the ecological conditions present in the incompletely filled root canal that are important for the presence of E. faecalis in these teeth.


Subject(s)
Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology , Enterococcus faecalis/growth & development , Root Canal Obturation , Bacteriological Techniques , Chelating Agents/therapeutic use , Disinfectants/therapeutic use , Edetic Acid/therapeutic use , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections , Humans , Lithuania , Periapical Periodontitis/microbiology , Periapical Periodontitis/therapy , Retreatment , Root Canal Filling Materials , Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use , Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Root Canal Therapy , Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use , Specimen Handling
5.
Anthropol Anz ; 51(1): 31-9, 1993 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8476272

ABSTRACT

In 3443 teeth of 418 adults (224 males, 194 females) from Lithuanian crania of the 1st and 2nd millennia A.D., vestibulolingual (VL) and mesiodistal (MD) diameters of each tooth were measured on the right side. The samples showed a marked stability during the millennia, measurements being typical for a mesodontic population. Definite sexual dimorphism of teeth measurements was established. A method for sex estimation from dental measurements is proposed.


Subject(s)
Paleodontology , Sex Characteristics , Tooth/anatomy & histology , Female , History, Ancient , Humans , Lithuania , Male , Odontometry
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