ABSTRACT
Nanostructured materials have emerged as valuable tools for the advancement of novel electrocatalysts. Among them, three-dimensional metal oxides have gained significant attention due to their excellent conductivity, cost-effectiveness, and unique design. This study focuses on the synthesis of cotton-like three-dimensional antimony oxychloride (Sb4O5Cl2) structures through a straightforward precipitation method. The nanostructures exhibit immense potential for sensing applications. Electrochemical characterization reveals that the Sb4O5Cl2 heterostructure demonstrates a remarkable double-layer capacitance of 662 F/cm2, accompanied by excellent cyclic stability. The sensor's performance was tested for the detection of ammonium hydroxide (HA) in NaCl solution, yielding sensitivities ranging from 0.95 to 0.140 mA mM-1 cm-2 and a detection limit of 4.54 µM within a wide detection range of 0.3-250 mM. The sensor device possesses a distinctive cotton-like structure and is synthesized through a simple and cost-effective route.
ABSTRACT
Monitoring heavy metal ion levels in water is essential for human health and safety. Electroanalytical techniques have presented important features to detect toxic trace heavy metals in the environment due to their high sensitivity associated with their easy operational procedures. Square-wave voltammetry is a powerful electrochemical technique that may be applied to both electrokinetic and analytical measurements, and the analysis of the characteristic parameters of this technique also enables the mechanism and kinetic evaluation of the electrochemical process under study. In this work, we present a complete optimized study on the heavy metal detection using diamond electrodes. It was analyzed the influence of the morphology characteristics as well as the doping level on micro/nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond films by means of square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) technique. The SWASV parameters were optimized for all films, considering that their kinetic response is dependent on the morphology and/or doping level. The films presented reversible results for the Lead [Pb (II)] system studied. The Pb (II) analysis was performed in ammonium acetate buffer at pH 4.5, varying the lead concentration in the range from 1 to 10 µg L(-1). The analytical responses were obtained for the four electrodes. However, the best low limit detection and reproducibility was found for boron doped nanocrystalline diamond electrodes (BDND) doped with 2000 mg L(-1) in B/C ratio.
