ABSTRACT
Clearance rates, respiration rates and food absorption efficiencies of the commercially interesting subtidal bivalve Modiolus barbatus were measured at different temperatures under laboratory conditions and scope for growth calculated. Clearance rates were highest at temperatures from 20 °C to 28 °C, whereas respiration rate was maximal at 9 °C and minimal at 26 °C. Highest mean values of absorbed energy occurred at 20 °C and 26 °C. Scope for growth trend had negative values at 9 °C, 15 °C and 28 °C and positive values at temperatures 20 °C and 26 °C. The profitable thermal window for M. barbatus to have energy sufficient for growth and reproduction corresponded to <5 months per year. Seawater temperature increases will potentially impact the eco-physiological responses of subtidal M. barbatus causing life history traits to change with important repercussions for subtidal biodiversity in the Mediterranean.
Subject(s)
Energy Metabolism/physiology , Mytilidae/metabolism , Temperature , Animals , Mytilidae/physiology , Oxygen Consumption , Seawater/chemistry , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
On the basis of their experience and literature data the authors recommend "Protocol for antenatal care in normal pregnancy" with clear and detailed instructions for every examination during pregnancy. Protocol is based on 12 control examinations. At the first examination, when pregnancy is determined with certainty, blood pressure, body weight, pelvic diameters are to be measured and detailed data about personal and reproductive health history are to be taken and written in pregnancy card and patient's file. Specific attention is given to uterus size, cervix length and its dilatation. For the following check-up blood and urine samples, blood group, blood glucose level, Wassermann test, ultrasound examination are to be requested. Period between two check-ups is 4 weeks until 28th gestation weeks, than 3 weeks until 34th, 2 weeks until 38th and 1 weeks until labour. The last examination is planed for 40th week. Vaginal smear and urine sample testing should be controlled on every check-up. Blood picture and blood glucose level are to be checked three times in pregnancy. Ultrasound examination is planned for the first trimester, 20th and 34th gestation week.
Subject(s)
Prenatal Care , Female , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
Ultrasound made it possible to discover endangered fetus on time, before its clinical manifestation. Evaluation of fetal vitality is possible during the whole pregnancy 1. early pregnancy (fetal heart action, fetal movement,...) 2. and 2. late pregnancy (placental maturity, amniotic fluid volume, cardiothocography,...). Contemporary prenatal medicine cannot be imagined without ultrasound and its quality is in a direct relationship with the level of ultrasound diagnostic utilisation.
